CentOS7安装配置Oracle11g 步骤详解

1. 操作系统环境、安装包准备

宿主机：Max OSX 10.10.5
虚拟机：Parallel Desktop 10.1.1
虚拟机操作系统：CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso
Oracle：linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
JDK：jdk1.8.0_77.zip
2. 安装CentOS7虚拟机

2.1 新建虚拟机

CPU：2核
内存：4G
硬盘：60G，扩展磁盘
2.2 安装配置

安装语言：中文
软件选择： 带GUI的服务器
网络和主机名：打开虚拟机网络连接
安装位置：使用虚拟机自动分区方案
设置root密码：如root
添加用户账户和密码：如centos/centos
2.3 账户配置

使用centos账户登录后，打开终端，切换到root账户

su root
root
预先为centos、oracle账户添加免密码sudo权限

echo "centos ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
echo "oracle ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
允许账户使用弱密码

sed 's/^password    requisite.*/password    requisite     pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3   type=/g' -i /etc/pam.d/system-auth
3. 安装Oracle11g

3.1 设置内核版本

echo redhat-7 > /etc/redhat-release
3.2 安装依赖包

yum install -y binutils compat-gcc* compat-glibc* compat-libcap1 compat-libstd* compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 glibc-devel*.i686 glibc-headers glibc.i686 glibc*.i686 ksh libaio libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libaio-devel*.i686 libaio.i686 libaio*.i686 libgcc libgcc.i686 libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libstdc++.i686 libstdc++*.i686 libXp make numactl sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 unixODBC*.i686
3.3 创建oracle用户及用户组

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle
oracle
3.4 设置内核参数

echo >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOM
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-ax = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
EOM
sysctl -p # 立即生效内核参数
3.5 设置oracle账户环境变量

echo >> /home/oracle/.bashrc << EOM
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_77/ # JDK home目录
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle # oracle安装目录
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11g # oracle home目录
ORACLE_SID=orcl # oracle实例名
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH
EOM
3.6 设置PAM资源限制

echo >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOM
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
EOM
3.7 关闭SELinux

sed 's/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/g' -i /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0 # 立即生效
3.8 创建安装目录

mkdir -p /opt/oracle
chown oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
chmod 755 /opt/oracle
mkdir -p /opt/oraInventory
chown oracle:oinstall /opt/oraInventory
chmod 755 /opt/oraInventory
3.9 准备安装包

通过移动设备将linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip和jdk1.8.0_77.zip拷贝到桌面，解压

mkdir -p /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_77/
tar xf jdk1.8.0_77.zip -C /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_77/ # 解压安装安装JDK
tar xf linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -C /home/oracle
tar xf linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -C /home/oracle
chmod -R 700 /home/oracle/database # 只允许oracle账户访问
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/database
3.10 使用oracle账户启动安装

su oracle -c 'export LANG=C /home/oracle/database/runInstaller'
3.11 安装错误解决

（1）启动安装时报错java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError
        at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
        at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:164)
        at java.awt.Toolkit$2.run(Toolkit.java:821)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at java.awt.Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(Toolkit.java:804)
        at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.isLowResolution(Unknown Source)
        at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.(Unknown Source)
        at com.jgoodies.looks.plastic.PlasticLookAndFeel.(PlasticLookAndFeel.java:122)
        at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
        at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:242)
        at javax.swing.SwingUtilities.loadSystemClass(SwingUtilities.java:1783)
        at javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.java:480)
        at oracle.install.commons.util.Application.startup(Application.java:758)
        at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:164)
        at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:181)
        at oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.Installer.startup(Installer.java:265)
        at oracle.install.ivw.db.driver.DBInstaller.startup(DBInstaller.java:114)
        at oracle.install.ivw.db.driver.DBInstaller.main(DBInstaller.java:132)
解决办法：

标准化图形安装配置

sudo yum install -y xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-apps
sudo xhosts + # 对所有账户开放XServer
检查设置是否生效

xclock
[Ctrl+C]
（2）链接错误/usr/bin/ld: crt1.o: No such file: No such file or directory

Error in invoking target ‘install’ of makefile ‘/opt/oracle/11g/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk’. See ‘/opt/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-08-07_02-58-49AM.log’ for details.
查看安装日志/opt/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-08-07_02-58-49AM.log

INFO: /usr/bin/ld: crt1.o: No such file: No such file or directory

INFO: collect2: ld ?? 1

INFO: make: *** [ctxhx] ?? 1

INFO: End output from spawned process.
解决办法：

安装glibc-devel的32位包

yumdownloader glibc-devel
rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.17-106.el7_2.8.i686.rpm
rm -f glibc-devel-2.17-*.rpm
重试

（3）链接错误/lib64/libstdc++.so.5: undefined reference to memcpy@GLIBC_2.14

Error in invoking target ‘install’ of makefile ‘/opt/oracle/11g/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk’. See ‘/opt/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-08-07_02-58-49AM.log’ for details.
查看安装日志/opt/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-08-07_02-58-49AM.log

INFO: /lib64/libstdc++.so.5: undefined reference to `memcpy@GLIBC_2.14'
 collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
 INFO: make: *** [ctxhx] Error 1
 INFO: End output from spawned process.
解决办法：

if [[ ! -f /usr/lib64/libc.a ]]; then yum -y install glibc-static; fi
sed 's/.*$(LINK_CTXHX) $(CTXHXOBJ) $(INSO_LINK)$/-static /usr/lib64/libc.a $(LINK_CTXHX) $(CTXHXOBJ) $(INSO_LINK)/g' -i /opt/oracle/11g/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk
重试

（4）链接错误ins_emagent.mk 'agent nmhs'

Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile '/opt/oracle/11g/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'
解决办法：

sed 's/$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)$/$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11/g' -i /opt/oracle/11g/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk
重试

（5）netca无法启动

/u01/Oracle/bin/netca: line 178: 11819 Aborted                 $JRE $JRE_OPTIONS -classpath $CLASSPATH oracle.net.ca.NetCA $*
解决办法：

cat > /etc/sysconfig/network << EOM
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=hotDB11g
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
EOM
echo '127.0.0.1    hotDB11g' /etc/hosts
hostname hotDB11g
4. 测试

启动服务

su - oracle -c 'lsnrctl start'
连接查询所有数据库

su - oracle -c 'sqlplus / as sysdba'
SQL> statup
SQL> select name from v$database;