Android Web3j OOM解决详解

时间：2022-06-25 22:54:43 编辑：袖梨来源：一聚教程网

在Android客户端使用Web3j创建钱包、导入钱包时都可能会产生OOM，相关issue在Github上已经有所提及： https://github.com/web3j/web3j/issues/299 。这个问题在Web3j 3.0版本以前是没有的，由于新版的Web3j使用spongycastle库替换了lambdaworks库，虽然在效率上提升了速度，但存在Android端的兼容性问题。

本项目代码地址： https://github.com/uncleleonfan/WalletOOM.git

创建钱包OOM解决

在创建钱包时，如果创建一个Full Wallet，则会导致OOM：

public void onCreateFullWallet(View view) {
  String filePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/full";
  File file = new File(filePath);
  file.mkdirs();
  try {
    WalletUtils.generateFullNewWalletFile("a12345678", file);
  } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  } catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  } catch (CipherException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  } catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
}

Log如下：

"Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Failed to allocate a 1036 byte allocation with 16777216 free bytes and 48MB until OOM; failed due to fragmentation (required continguous free 16384 bytes for a new buffer where largest contiguous free 8192 bytes)",
"tat org.spongycastle.util.Arrays.clone(Arrays.java:602)",
"tat org.spongycastle.crypto.generators.SCrypt.SMix(SCrypt.java:126)",
"tat org.spongycastle.crypto.generators.SCrypt.MFcrypt(SCrypt.java:87)",
"tat org.spongycastle.crypto.generators.SCrypt.generate(SCrypt.java:66)",
"tat org.web3j.crypto.Wallet.generateDerivedScryptKey(Wallet.java:136)",
"tat org.web3j.crypto.Wallet.create(Wallet.java:74)",
"tat org.web3j.crypto.Wallet.createStandard(Wallet.java:93)",
"tat org.web3j.crypto.WalletUtils.generateWalletFile(WalletUtils.java:61)"

generateFullNewWalletFile里面会调用createStandard创建钱包，使用N_STANDARD，P_STANDARD来配置加密强度，直接影响需使用的内存大小，最终导致OOM的发生。

public static WalletFile createStandard(String password, ECKeyPair ecKeyPair)
    throws CipherException {
  return create(password, ecKeyPair, N_STANDARD, P_STANDARD);
}

解决方法非常简单，创建一个Light Wallet即可：

public void onCreateLightWallet(View view) {
  String filePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/light";
  File file = new File(filePath);
  file.mkdirs();
  try {
    WalletUtils.generateLightNewWalletFile("a12345678", file);
  } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  } catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  } catch (CipherException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  } catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
}

generateLightNewWalletFile会调用createLight来创建一个轻钱包，使用N_LIGHT，P_LIGHT，他们在数值上相对较小，所以不会OOM。

public static WalletFile createLight(String password, ECKeyPair ecKeyPair)
    throws CipherException {
  return create(password, ecKeyPair, N_LIGHT, P_LIGHT);
}

我们可以对比一下N_STANDARD和P_STANDARD， N_LIGHT和P_LIGHT的大小：

private static final int N_LIGHT = 1 << 12;
private static final int P_LIGHT = 6;

private static final int N_STANDARD = 1 << 18;
private static final int P_STANDARD = 1;

导入钱包OOM解决

当我们导入一个轻钱包时，不会产生OOM，但导入不是一个轻钱包时，则有可能产生OOM。例如，我们使用Imtoken创建一个钱包并导出Keystore，Keystore如下：

{"address":"9a2e2419f3af050d4730f80e7a65b9f8deb5e16f","crypto":{"cipher":"aes-128-ctr","cipherparams":{"iv":"eaccea79c27a91e307f24988186ef21a"},"ciphertext":"a163e532edf2d76beaee5c26fd2c2fab071a9cb37627aa185ac89e223e41ab97","kdf":"scrypt","kdfparams":{"dklen":32,"n":65536,"p":1,"r":8,"salt":"6a847392a029553f4152dea7bb0b6fb0ac9eec29f55e572fe94603182f5ed7f1"},"mac":"3fad2a31e18c611b10df84db9ae368ce2e189b5c35e9f111e40ca4b4bfb02491"},"id":"032c47c2-c7b7-46f8-a3f7-f526580f6f09","version":3}

可以看到，其中n为65536，p为1，而轻钱包的n为1<<12,即2的12次方，4096，所以这不是一个轻钱包。

我们将该Keystore作为一个json文件push到SD卡中，然后使用Web3j进行导入：

public void onImportWallet(View view) {
  try {
    //需提前将assets目录下的keystore.json文件推送到手机SD里面
    String filePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/keystore.json";
    File file = new File(filePath);
    WalletUtils.loadCredentials("a12345678", file);
  } catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  } catch (CipherException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
}

发现同样会OOM：

Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Failed to allocate a 1036 byte allocation with 13588800 free bytes and 12MB until OOM; failed due to fragmentation (required continguous free 16384 bytes for a new buffer where largest contiguous free 12288 bytes)
    at org.spongycastle.util.Arrays.clone(Arrays.java:602)
    at org.spongycastle.crypto.generators.SCrypt.SMix(SCrypt.java:126)
    at org.spongycastle.crypto.generators.SCrypt.MFcrypt(SCrypt.java:87)
    at org.spongycastle.crypto.generators.SCrypt.generate(SCrypt.java:66)
    at org.web3j.crypto.Wallet.generateDerivedScryptKey(Wallet.java:136)
    at org.web3j.crypto.Wallet.decrypt(Wallet.java:214)
    at org.web3j.crypto.WalletUtils.loadCredentials(WalletUtils.java:112)

通过log可以看出来，这里和创建钱包的OOM是一样的，都是最后调用generateDerivedScryptKey后导致:

private static byte[] generateDerivedScryptKey(
    byte[] password, byte[] salt, int n, int r, int p, int dkLen) throws CipherException {
  return SCrypt.generate(password, salt, n, r, p, dkLen);
}

创建钱包可以创建一个轻钱包，导入钱包总不能让用户换一个轻钱包来导入吧。这里，我们只能还是换回lambda库来完成keystore的编解码, 即我们可以自己写一个generateDerivedScryptKey方法，将spongycastle的SCrypt换成lambda的SCrypt。我们使用MyWalletUtils和MyWallet共同完成该任务。

public void onImportWallet(View view) {
  try {
    //需提前将assets目录下的keystore.json文件推送到手机SD里面
    String filePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/keystore.json";
    File file = new File(filePath);
    Credentials credentials = MyWalletUtils.loadCredentials("a12345678", file);
    Log.d(TAG, "address:" + credentials.getAddress());
  } catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  } catch (CipherException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
}

public class MyWalletUtils {
  public static Credentials loadCredentials(String password, File source)
      throws IOException, CipherException {
    WalletFile walletFile = objectMapper.readValue(source, WalletFile.class);
    return Credentials.create(MyWallet.decrypt(password, walletFile));
  }
}

public class MyWallet {

  private static final int CURRENT_VERSION = 3;
  private static final String CIPHER = "aes-128-ctr";
  static final String AES_128_CTR = "pbkdf2";
  static final String SCRYPT = "scrypt";

  private static byte[] generateDerivedScryptKey(
      byte[] password, byte[] salt, int n, int r, int p, int dkLen) {
    try {
      return SCrypt.scrypt(password, salt, n, r, p, dkLen);
    } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null;
  }
}

按照以上方法处理之后，就可以解决OOM，但是用户等待的时间会稍微长一点，另外，最好还是添加一下Android平台的libscrpt.so库，大家可在本项目的jniLibs中找到。

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