nanomsg通信库的pubsub及survey

时间：2022-06-24 20:43:27 编辑：袖梨来源：一聚教程网

nanomsg实验——pubsub

发布订阅模式是很多消息中间件提供的常见功能。通过消息机制，能够将消息发布者和消息接收（消费）者
进行解耦。pubsub模式也是nanomsg直接支持的一直消息模型之一，因此通过pubsub模式实验，
同时也大致了解了下nanomsg的基础用法。

服务端

代码如下

复制代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <nanomsg/nn.h>
#include <nanomsg/pubsub.h>

void usage(const char *name)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "%s [ bind url]n", name);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    if(argc != 2) {
        usage(argv[0]);
        exit(-1);
    }

    const char *url = argv[1];
    int sock = nn_socket(AF_SP, NN_PUB);
    if(sock < 0) {
        fprintf (stderr, "nn_socket failed: %sn", nn_strerror (errno));
        exit(-1);
    }

    if(nn_bind(sock, url) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "nn_bind failed: %sn", nn_strerror(errno));
        exit(-1);
    }

    while(1) {
        time_t rawtime;
        struct tm * timeinfo;

        time (&rawtime);
        timeinfo = localtime (&rawtime);
        char *text = asctime (timeinfo);
        int textLen = strlen(text);
        text[textLen - 1] = '';

        printf ("SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE %sn", text);
        nn_send(sock, text, textLen, 0);
        sleep(1);
    }

    return 0;
}

nanomsg使用非常简单，只要直接include nanomsg/nn.h，即可使用基本API。使用内置的通信模式，
需要引入对应的头文件，如pubsub模式，引入nonomsg/pubsub.h即可。

pubsub server，需要首先通过nn_socket调用创建socket，这里模仿了POSIX接口，
函数返回一个文件描述符。因此直接通过判断返回值是否大于0，判断是否创建成功。注意第二个参数为协议，
在协议相关头文件中会定义对应的宏。然后所有操作都将基于这个文件描述符。
和berkeley sockets一样，server需要bind一个端口，nanomsg需要bind一个url。目前nanomsg支持的格式有：
* 进程内通信（inproc）：url格式为inproc://test
* 进程间同in想（ipc）：url格式为ipc:///tmp/test.ipc
* tcp通信：url格式为tcp://*:5555

github上源码貌似已经支持websocket了。

nanomsg的错误和UNIX相同，失败之后会设置errno，可以通过nn_strerror获取对应的错误文本。

bind完了之后，就可以通过nn_send函数向socket发送消息了。这个函数参数和berkeley sockets api接口类似。
这里直接获取当前时间，然后发出给所有订阅者。

客户端

代码如下

复制代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <nanomsg/nn.h>
#include <nanomsg/pubsub.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    if(argc != 3) {
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s NAME BIND_URLn", argv[0]);
        exit(-1);
    }
    const char *name = argv[1];
    const char *url = argv[2];

    int sock = nn_socket (AF_SP, NN_SUB);
    if(sock < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "fail to create socket: %sn", nn_strerror(errno));
        exit(-1);
    }
    if(nn_setsockopt (sock, NN_SUB, NN_SUB_SUBSCRIBE, "", 0) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "fail to set sorket opts: %sn", nn_strerror(errno));
        exit(-1);
    }

    if (nn_connect(sock, url) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "fail to connect to %s : %sn", url, nn_strerror(errno));
        exit(-1);
    }

    while ( 1 ) {
        char *buf = NULL;
        int bytes = nn_recv (sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0);
        printf ("CLIENT (%s): RECEIVED %sn", name, buf);
        nn_freemsg (buf);
    }

    nn_shutdown(sock, 0);

    return 0;
}

客户端初始化和服务端差不多，在连接服务端之前，需要通过nn_setsockopt将当前socket设置成消息订阅者。
然后通过nn_connect连接发布者，参数和服务端bind的差不多，也是一个socket、一个url。
这里的url要和服务端bind的url相同。之后就是一个死循环不停的接收发布者的消息。

测试

首先是编译，和普通c程序相同，只是增加链接nanomsg。

gcc -o pubserver pubserver.c -lnanomsg
gcc -o pubclient pubclient.c -lnanomsg

为了方便测试，写了一个简单的shell脚本：

代码如下

复制代码

#!/bin/bash

BASE="$( cd "$( dirname "$0" )" && pwd )"
PUB=$BASE/pubserver
SUB=$BASE/pubclient

URL="tcp://127.0.0.1:1234"

echo "start pubserver to bind tcp: $URL"

$PUB tcp://127.0.0.1:1234 &

echo "start to start pubclient"
for((i = 0; i < 10; i++))
    do
    echo "start client$i"
    $SUB client$i $URL &
    sleep 1
done

sleep 20
echo "kill all process and exit"

for pid in `jobs -p`
do
    echo "kill $pid"
    kill $pid
done

wait

脚本很简单，首先启动一个消息发布者，然后每秒启动一个消息接受者。等待20s之后，kill掉所有子进程。

脚本的输出：

代码如下

复制代码

start pubserver to bind tcp: tcp://127.0.0.1:1234
start to start pubclient
start client0
SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE Tue Feb 17 15:12:11 2015
start client1
SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE Tue Feb 17 15:12:12 2015
CLIENT (client0): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:12 2015
CLIENT (client1): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:12 2015
start client2
SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE Tue Feb 17 15:12:13 2015
CLIENT (client0): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:13 2015
CLIENT (client1): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:13 2015
CLIENT (client2): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:13 2015
start client3
SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE Tue Feb 17 15:12:14 2015
CLIENT (client0): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:14 2015
CLIENT (client1): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:14 2015
CLIENT (client2): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:14 2015
...
SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE Tue Feb 17 15:12:41 2015
CLIENT (client0): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:41 2015
CLIENT (client1): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:41 2015
CLIENT (client2): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:41 2015
CLIENT (client3): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:41 2015
CLIENT (client4): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:41 2015
CLIENT (client5): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:41 2015
CLIENT (client6): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:41 2015
CLIENT (client7): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:41 2015
CLIENT (client8): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:41 2015
CLIENT (client9): RECEIVED Tue Feb 17 15:12:41 2015
kill all process and exit

可以看见每次启动一个新的订阅者，每个订阅者都能够收到发布者发布的当前时间。

nanomsg实验——survey

survey模式是由server发出询问，client针对请求回复响应的一种模式。这种模式在分布式系统中非常有用，
可以用来做服务发现、分布式事物等分布式询问。
客户端

客户端实现比较方便，除了基础调用（创建socket、连接url）之外，就是先接收服务端询问
（例子中比较简单，服务端询问是固定的，所以没有对内容进行检查）针对询问发送响应
（例子中是发送服务端当前时间）

代码如下

复制代码

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <nanomsg/nn.h>
#include <nanomsg/survey.h>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, const char **argv) {
    if(argc != 3) {
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s NAME URLn", argv[0]);
        exit(-1);
    }
    const char *name = argv[1];
    const char *url = argv[2];

    int sock = nn_socket(AF_SP, NN_RESPONDENT);
    if(sock < 0){
        fprintf(stderr, "nn_socket fail: %sn", nn_strerror(errno));
        exit(-1);
    }
    if(nn_connect(sock, url) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "nn_connect fail: %sn", nn_strerror(errno));
        exit(-1);
    }

    while(1){
        char *buf = NULL;
        int bytes = nn_recv (sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0);

        if(bytes > 0) {
            printf ("CLIENT (%s): RECEIVED "%s" SURVEY REQUESTn", name, buf);
            nn_freemsg (buf);

            char sendBuffer[128];
            time_t rawtime;
            struct tm * timeinfo;

            time (&rawtime);
            timeinfo = localtime (&rawtime);
            char *timeText = asctime (timeinfo);
            int textLen = strlen(timeText);
            timeText[textLen - 1] = '';
            sprintf(sendBuffer, "[ %s ] %s", name, timeText);
            int sendSize = strlen(sendBuffer) + 1;
            int actualSendSize = nn_send(sock, sendBuffer, sendSize, 0);

            if(actualSendSize != sendSize) {
                fprintf(stderr, "nn_send fail, expect length %d, actual length %dn", sendSize, actualSendSize);
                continue;
            }
        }
    }

    nn_shutdown(sock, 0);

    return 0;
}

这里收到消息后，就简单的打印，然后将响应数据写会给服务端。

服务端

服务端有个问题，之前搜索了几个例子都不太正常。经过尝试和简单查看代码之后发现，通过nanomsg基础api，
无法获取当前有多少客户端。但是，如果当前所有连接的客户端的响应都已经收到，再次调用nn_recv之后，
会直接返回-1，表示读取失败，同时errno（通过errno函数获取）被设置为EFSM，表示当前状态机状态不正确。

代码如下

复制代码

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <nanomsg/nn.h>
#include <nanomsg/survey.h>

using namespace std;

const char *SURVEY_TYPE = "DATE";

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{

    if ( argc != 2 ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s URLn", argv[0]);
        exit(-1);
    }
    const char *url = argv[1];
    int sock = nn_socket(AF_SP, NN_SURVEYOR);
    if(sock < 0) {
        fprintf (stderr, "nn_socket failed: %sn", nn_strerror (errno));
        exit(-1);
    }

    if(nn_bind(sock, url) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "nn_bind fail: %sn", nn_strerror(errno));
        exit(-1);
    }

    while(1) {
        int sendSize = strlen(SURVEY_TYPE) + 1;
        int actualSendSize;
        printf ("SERVER: SENDING DATE SURVEY REQUESTn");
        if ((actualSendSize = nn_send(sock, SURVEY_TYPE, sendSize, 0)) != sendSize) {
            fprintf(stderr, "nn_send fail, expect length %d, actual length %dn", sendSize, actualSendSize);
            continue;
        }

        int count = 0;
        while(1) {
            char *buf = NULL;
            int bytes = nn_recv (sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0);
            if (bytes < 0 && nn_errno() == ETIMEDOUT) break;
            if (bytes >= 0) {
                printf ("SERVER: RECEIVED "%s" SURVEY RESPONSEn", buf);
                ++count;
                nn_freemsg (buf);
            } else {
                fprintf(stderr, "nn_recv fail: %sn", nn_strerror(errno));
                break;
            }
        }
        printf("SERVER: current receive %d survey response.n", count);
        sleep(1);
    }

    nn_shutdown(sock, 0);

    return 0;

}

这里用了两个死循环，外层循环不停尝试向客户端发起询问。完成询问后，通过另外一个死循环读取所有的客户端响应，
当读取失败时退出循环。

之前找到的源码是直接判断错误是否ETIMEDOUT，经过打印会发现每次都没有超时，而是状态机错误：

代码如下	复制代码
/* If no survey is going on return EFSM error. */ if (nn_slow (!nn_surveyor_inprogress (surveyor))) return -EFSM;

测试

测试和前文差不多，先启动一个server，然后再一个个启动client：

代码如下

复制代码

#!/bin/bash

BASE="$( cd "$( dirname "$0" )" && pwd )"
SERVER=$BASE/surveyserver
CLIENT=$BASE/surveyclient

URL="tcp://127.0.0.1:1234"

echo "start surveyserver to bind tcp: $URL"
$SERVER tcp://127.0.0.1:1234 &

echo "start to start surveyclient"
for((i = 0; i < 10; i++))
do
    echo "start client$i"
    $CLIENT client$i $URL &
    sleep 1
done

sleep 20
echo "kill all process and exit"

for pid in `jobs -p`
do
    echo "kill $pid"
    kill $pid
done

wait

输出为：

代码如下

复制代码

start surveyserver to bind tcp: tcp://127.0.0.1:1234
start to start surveyclient
start client0
SERVER: SENDING DATE SURVEY REQUEST
start client1
nn_recv fail: Operation cannot be performed in this state
SERVER: current receive 0 survey response.
start client2
SERVER: SENDING DATE SURVEY REQUEST
CLIENT (client0): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUEST
SERVER: RECEIVED "[ client0 ] Tue Feb 17 23:32:43 2015" SURVEY RESPONSE
CLIENT (client1): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUEST
SERVER: RECEIVED "[ client1 ] Tue Feb 17 23:32:43 2015" SURVEY RESPONSE
nn_recv fail: Operation cannot be performed in this state
SERVER: current receive 2 survey response.
start client3
SERVER: SENDING DATE SURVEY REQUEST
CLIENT (client0): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUEST
CLIENT (client1): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUEST
CLIENT (client2): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUEST
...
SERVER: SENDING DATE SURVEY REQUEST
CLIENT (client0): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUEST
CLIENT (client1): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUEST
CLIENT (client2): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUEST
CLIENT (client3): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUEST
CLIENT (client4): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUEST
CLIENT (client5): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUEST
CLIENT (client6): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUEST
CLIENT (client7): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUEST
CLIENT (client9): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUEST
CLIENT (client8): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUEST
SERVER: RECEIVED "[ client0 ] Tue Feb 17 23:33:09 2015" SURVEY RESPONSE
SERVER: RECEIVED "[ client1 ] Tue Feb 17 23:33:09 2015" SURVEY RESPONSE
SERVER: RECEIVED "[ client2 ] Tue Feb 17 23:33:09 2015" SURVEY RESPONSE
SERVER: RECEIVED "[ client3 ] Tue Feb 17 23:33:09 2015" SURVEY RESPONSE
SERVER: RECEIVED "[ client4 ] Tue Feb 17 23:33:09 2015" SURVEY RESPONSE
SERVER: RECEIVED "[ client5 ] Tue Feb 17 23:33:09 2015" SURVEY RESPONSE
SERVER: RECEIVED "[ client6 ] Tue Feb 17 23:33:09 2015" SURVEY RESPONSE
SERVER: RECEIVED "[ client7 ] Tue Feb 17 23:33:09 2015" SURVEY RESPONSE
SERVER: RECEIVED "[ client9 ] Tue Feb 17 23:33:09 2015" SURVEY RESPONSE
SERVER: RECEIVED "[ client8 ] Tue Feb 17 23:33:09 2015" SURVEY RESPONSE
nn_recv fail: Operation cannot be performed in this state
SERVER: current receive 10 survey response.

从输出可以看见，每次最后一个接收完成之后，都会有一个“Operation cannot be performed in this state”
错误，也就是EFSM错误。

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