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Python必备技巧之Pandas数据合并函数代码示例

时间:2022-06-25 01:19:03 编辑:袖梨 来源:一聚教程网

本篇文章小编给大家分享一下Python必备技巧之Pandas数据合并函数代码示例,文章代码介绍的很详细,小编觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家供大家参考,有需要的小伙伴们可以来看看。

1. concat

concat是pandas中专门用于数据连接合并的函数,功能非常强大,支持纵向合并和横向合并,默认情况下是纵向合并,具体可以通过参数进行设置。

pd.concat(
    objs: 'Iterable[NDFrame] | Mapping[Hashable, NDFrame]',
    axis=0,
    join='outer',
    ignore_index: 'bool' = False,
    keys=None,
    levels=None,
    names=None,
    verify_integrity: 'bool' = False,
    sort: 'bool' = False,
    copy: 'bool' = True,
) -> 'FrameOrSeriesUnion'

在函数方法中,各参数含义如下:

objs: 用于连接的数据,可以是DataFrame或Series组成的列表

axis=0 : 连接的方式,默认为0也就是纵向连接,可选 1 为横向连接

join='outer':合并方式,默认为 inner也就是交集,可选 outer 为并集

ignore_index: 是否保留原有的索引

keys=None:连接关系,使用传递的值作为一级索引

levels=None:用于构造多级索引

names=None:索引的名称

verify_integrity: 检测索引是否重复,如果为True则有重复索引会报错

sort: 并集合并方式下,对columns排序

copy: 是否深度拷贝

接下来,我们就对该函数功能进行演示

基础连接

In [1]: import pandas as pd

In [2]: s1 = pd.Series(['a', 'b'])

In [3]: s2 = pd.Series(['c', 'd'])

In [4]: s1
Out[4]: 
0    a
1    b
dtype: object

In [5]: s2
Out[5]: 
0    c
1    d
dtype: object

In [6]: pd.concat([s1, s2])
Out[6]: 
0    a
1    b
0    c
1    d
dtype: object

In [7]: df1 = pd.DataFrame([['a', 1], ['b', 2]],
   ...:                     columns=['letter', 'number'])

In [8]: df2 = pd.DataFrame([['c', 3], ['d', 4]],
   ...:                     columns=['letter', 'number'])

In [9]: pd.concat([df1, df2])
Out[9]: 
  letter  number
0      a       1
1      b       2
0      c       3
1      d       4

横向连接

In [10]: pd.concat([df1, df2], axis=1)
Out[10]: 
  letter  number letter  number
0      a       1      c       3
1      b       2      d       4

默认情况下,concat是取并集,如果两个数据中有个数据没有对应行或列,则会填充为空值NaN。

合并交集

In [11]: df3 = pd.DataFrame([['c', 3, 'cat'], ['d', 4, 'dog']],
    ...:                     columns=['letter', 'number', 'animal'])

In [12]: df1
Out[12]: 
  letter  number
0      a       1
1      b       2

In [13]: df3
Out[13]: 
  letter  number animal
0      c       3    cat
1      d       4    dog

In [14]: pd.concat([df1, df3], join='inner')
Out[14]: 
  letter  number
0      a       1
1      b       2
0      c       3
1      d       4

索引重置(不保留原有索引)

In [15]: pd.concat([df1, df3], join='inner', ignore_index=True)
Out[15]: 
  letter  number
0      a       1
1      b       2
2      c       3
3      d       4
# 以下方式和上述的输出结果等价
In [16]: pd.concat([df1, df3], join='inner').reset_index(drop=True)
Out[16]: 
  letter  number
0      a       1
1      b       2
2      c       3
3      d       4

指定索引

In [17]: pd.concat([df1, df3], keys=['df1','df3'])
Out[17]: 
      letter  number animal
df1 0      a       1    NaN
    1      b       2    NaN
df3 0      c       3    cat
    1      d       4    dog

In [18]: pd.concat([df1, df3], keys=['df1','df3'], names=['df名称','行ID'])
Out[18]: 
         letter  number animal
df名称 行ID                      
df1  0        a       1    NaN
     1        b       2    NaN
df3  0        c       3    cat
     1        d       4    dog

检测重复

如果索引出现重复,则无法通过检测,会报错

In [19]: pd.concat([df1, df3], verify_integrity=True)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Indexes have overlapping values: Int64Index([0, 1], dtype='int64')

合并并集下columns排序

In [21]: pd.concat([df1, df3], sort=True)
Out[21]: 
  animal letter  number
0    NaN      a       1
1    NaN      b       2
0    cat      c       3
1    dog      d       4

DataFrame与Series合并

In [22]: pd.concat([df1, s1])
Out[22]: 
  letter  number    0
0      a     1.0  NaN
1      b     2.0  NaN
0    NaN     NaN    a
1    NaN     NaN    b

In [23]: pd.concat([df1, s1], axis=1)
Out[23]: 
  letter  number  0
0      a       1  a
1      b       2  b
# 新增列一般可选以下两种方式
In [24]: df1.assign(新增列=s1)
Out[24]: 
  letter  number 新增列
0      a       1   a
1      b       2   b

In [25]: df1['新增列'] = s1

In [26]: df1
Out[26]: 
  letter  number 新增列
0      a       1   a
1      b       2   b

以上就concat函数方法的一些功能,相比之下,另外一个函数append也可以用于数据追加(纵向合并)

2. append

append主要用于追加数据,是比较简单直接的数据合并方式。

df.append(
    other,
    ignore_index: 'bool' = False,
    verify_integrity: 'bool' = False,
    sort: 'bool' = False,
) -> 'DataFrame'

在函数方法中,各参数含义如下:

other: 用于追加的数据,可以是DataFrame或Series或组成的列表

ignore_index: 是否保留原有的索引

verify_integrity: 检测索引是否重复,如果为True则有重复索引会报错

sort: 并集合并方式下,对columns排序

接下来,我们就对该函数功能进行演示

基础追加

In [41]: df1.append(df2)
Out[41]: 
  letter  number
0      a       1
1      b       2
0      c       3
1      d       4

In [42]: df1.append([df1,df2,df3])
Out[42]: 
  letter  number animal
0      a       1    NaN
1      b       2    NaN
0      a       1    NaN
1      b       2    NaN
0      c       3    NaN
1      d       4    NaN
0      c       3    cat
1      d       4    dog

columns重置(不保留原有索引)

In [43]: df1.append([df1,df2,df3], ignore_index=True)
Out[43]: 
  letter  number animal
0      a       1    NaN
1      b       2    NaN
2      a       1    NaN
3      b       2    NaN
4      c       3    NaN
5      d       4    NaN
6      c       3    cat
7      d       4    dog

检测重复

如果索引出现重复,则无法通过检测,会报错

In [44]: df1.append([df1,df2], verify_integrity=True)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Indexes have overlapping values: Int64Index([0, 1], dtype='int64')

索引排序

In [46]: df1.append([df1,df2,df3], sort=True)
Out[46]: 
  animal letter  number
0    NaN      a       1
1    NaN      b       2
0    NaN      a       1
1    NaN      b       2
0    NaN      c       3
1    NaN      d       4
0    cat      c       3
1    dog      d       4

追加Series

In [49]: s = pd.Series({'letter':'s1','number':9})

In [50]: s
Out[50]: 
letter    s1
number     9
dtype: object

In [51]: df1.append(s)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: Can only append a Series if ignore_index=True or if the Series has a name

In [53]: df1.append(s, ignore_index=True)
Out[53]: 
  letter  number
0      a       1
1      b       2
2     s1       9

追加字典

这个在爬虫的时候比较好使,每爬取一条数据就合并到DataFrame类似数据中存储起来

In [54]: dic = {'letter':'s1','number':9}

In [55]: df1.append(dic, ignore_index=True)
Out[55]: 
  letter  number
0      a       1
1      b       2
2     s1       9

3. merge

merge函数方法类似SQL里的join,可以是pd.merge或者df.merge,区别就在于后者待合并的数据是

pd.merge(
    left: 'DataFrame | Series',
    right: 'DataFrame | Series',
    how: 'str' = 'inner',
    on: 'IndexLabel | None' = None,
    left_on: 'IndexLabel | None' = None,
    right_on: 'IndexLabel | None' = None,
    left_index: 'bool' = False,
    right_index: 'bool' = False,
    sort: 'bool' = False,
    suffixes: 'Suffixes' = ('_x', '_y'),
    copy: 'bool' = True,
    indicator: 'bool' = False,
    validate: 'str | None' = None,
) -> 'DataFrame'

在函数方法中,关键参数含义如下:

left: 用于连接的左侧数据

right: 用于连接的右侧数据

how: 数据连接方式,默认为 inner,可选outer、left和right

on: 连接关键字段,左右侧数据中需要都存在,否则就用left_on和right_on

left_on: 左侧数据用于连接的关键字段

right_on: 右侧数据用于连接的关键字段

left_index: True表示左侧索引为连接关键字段

right_index: True表示右侧索引为连接关键字段

suffixes: ‘Suffixes’ = (’_x’, ‘_y’),可以自由指定,就是同列名合并后列名显示后缀

indicator: 是否显示合并后某行数据的归属来源

接下来,我们就对该函数功能进行演示

基础合并

In [55]: df1 = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['foo', 'bar', 'bal'],
    ...:                     'value2': [1, 2, 3]})

In [56]: df2 = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['foo', 'bar', 'baz'],
    ...:                     'value1': [5, 6, 7]})

In [57]: df1.merge(df2)
Out[57]: 
   key  value2  value1
0  foo       1       5
1  bar       2       6

其他连接方式

In [58]: df1.merge(df2, how='left')
Out[58]: 
   key  value2  value1
0  foo       1     5.0
1  bar       2     6.0
2  bal       3     NaN

In [59]: df1.merge(df2, how='right')
Out[59]: 
   key  value2  value1
0  foo     1.0       5
1  bar     2.0       6
2  baz     NaN       7

In [60]: df1.merge(df2, how='outer')
Out[60]: 
   key  value2  value1
0  foo     1.0     5.0
1  bar     2.0     6.0
2  bal     3.0     NaN
3  baz     NaN     7.0

In [61]: df1.merge(df2, how='cross')
Out[61]: 
  key_x  value2 key_y  value1
0   foo       1   foo       5
1   foo       1   bar       6
2   foo       1   baz       7
3   bar       2   foo       5
4   bar       2   bar       6
5   bar       2   baz       7
6   bal       3   foo       5
7   bal       3   bar       6
8   bal       3   baz       7

指定连接键

可以指定单个连接键,也可以指定多个连接键

In [62]: df1 = pd.DataFrame({'lkey1': ['foo', 'bar', 'bal'],
    ...:                     'lkey2': ['a', 'b', 'c'],
    ...:                     'value2': [1, 2, 3]})

In [63]: df2 = pd.DataFrame({'rkey1': ['foo', 'bar', 'baz'],
    ...:                     'rkey2': ['a', 'b', 'c'],
    ...:                     'value2': [5, 6, 7]})
    
In [64]: df1
Out[64]: 
  lkey1 lkey2  value2
0   foo     a       1
1   bar     b       2
2   bal     c       3

In [65]: df2
Out[65]: 
  rkey1 rkey2  value2
0   foo     a       5
1   bar     b       6
2   baz     c       7

In [66]: df1.merge(df2, left_on='lkey1', right_on='rkey1')
Out[66]: 
  lkey1 lkey2  value2_x rkey1 rkey2  value2_y
0   foo     a         1   foo     a         5
1   bar     b         2   bar     b         6

In [67]: df1.merge(df2, left_on=['lkey1','lkey2'], right_on=['rkey1','rkey2'])
Out[67]: 
  lkey1 lkey2  value2_x rkey1 rkey2  value2_y
0   foo     a         1   foo     a         5
1   bar     b         2   bar     b         6

指定索引为键

Out[68]: df1.merge(df2, left_index=True, right_index=True)
Out[68]: 
  lkey1 lkey2  value2_x rkey1 rkey2  value2_y
0   foo     a         1   foo     a         5
1   bar     b         2   bar     b         6
2   bal     c         3   baz     c         7

设置重复列后缀

In [69]: df1.merge(df2, left_on='lkey1', right_on='rkey1', suffixes=['左','右'])
Out[69]: 
  lkey1 lkey2  value2左 rkey1 rkey2  value2右
0   foo     a        1   foo     a        5
1   bar     b        2   bar     b        6

连接指示

新增一列用于显示数据来源

In [70]: df1.merge(df2, left_on='lkey1', right_on='rkey1', suffixes=['左','右'], how='outer',
    ...:           indicator=True
    ...:       )
Out[70]: 
  lkey1 lkey2  value2左 rkey1 rkey2  value2右      _merge
0   foo     a      1.0   foo     a      5.0        both
1   bar     b      2.0   bar     b      6.0        both
2   bal     c      3.0   NaN   NaN      NaN   left_only
3   NaN   NaN      NaN   baz     c      7.0  right_only

4. join

join就有点想append之于concat,用于数据合并

df.join(
    other: 'FrameOrSeriesUnion',
    on: 'IndexLabel | None' = None,
    how: 'str' = 'left',
    lsuffix: 'str' = '',
    rsuffix: 'str' = '',
    sort: 'bool' = False,
) -> 'DataFrame'

在函数方法中,关键参数含义如下:

other: 用于合并的右侧数据

on: 连接关键字段,左右侧数据中需要都存在,否则就用left_on和right_on

how: 数据连接方式,默认为 inner,可选outer、left和right

lsuffix: 左侧同名列后缀

rsuffix:右侧同名列后缀

接下来,我们就对该函数功能进行演示

In [71]: df = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2', 'K3', 'K4', 'K5'],
    ...:                     'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3', 'A4', 'A5']})

In [72]: other = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2'],
    ...:                        'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2']})

In [73]: df
Out[73]: 
  key   A
0  K0  A0
1  K1  A1
2  K2  A2
3  K3  A3
4  K4  A4
5  K5  A5

In [74]: other
Out[74]: 
  key   B
0  K0  B0
1  K1  B1
2  K2  B2

In [75]: df.join(other, on='key')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: You are trying to merge on object and int64 columns. If you wish to proceed you should use pd.concat

如果想用key关键字, 则需要key是索引。。。

指定key

In [76]: df.set_index('key').join(other.set_index('key'))
Out[76]: 
      A    B
key         
K0   A0   B0
K1   A1   B1
K2   A2   B2
K3   A3  NaN
K4   A4  NaN
K5   A5  NaN

In [77]: df.join(other.set_index('key'), on='key')
Out[77]: 
  key   A    B
0  K0  A0   B0
1  K1  A1   B1
2  K2  A2   B2
3  K3  A3  NaN
4  K4  A4  NaN
5  K5  A5  NaN

指定重复列后缀

In [78]: df.join(other, lsuffix='_左', rsuffix='右')
Out[78]: 
  key_左   A key右    B
0    K0  A0   K0   B0
1    K1  A1   K1   B1
2    K2  A2   K2   B2
3    K3  A3  NaN  NaN
4    K4  A4  NaN  NaN
5    K5  A5  NaN  NaN

其他参数就不多做介绍了,和merge基本一样。

5. combine

在数据合并的过程中,我们可能需要对对应位置的值进行一定的计算,pandas提供了combine和combine_first函数方法来进行这方面的合作操作。

df.combine(
    other: 'DataFrame',
    func,
    fill_value=None,
    overwrite: 'bool' = True,
) -> 'DataFrame'

比如,数据合并的时候取单元格最小的值

In [79]: df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [0, 0], 'B': [4, 4]})

In [80]: df2 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 1], 'B': [3, 3]})

In [81]: df1
Out[81]: 
   A  B
0  0  4
1  0  4

In [82]: df2
Out[82]: 
   A  B
0  1  3
1  1  3

In [83]: take_smaller = lambda s1, s2: s1 if s1.sum() < s2.sum() else s2

In [84]: df1.combine(df2, take_smaller)
Out[84]: 
   A  B
0  0  3
1  0  3

# 也可以调用numpy的函数
In [85]: import numpy as np

In [86]: df1.combine(df2, np.minimum)
Out[86]: 
   A  B
0  0  3
1  0  3

fill_value填充缺失值

In [87]: df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [0, 0], 'B': [None, 4]})

In [87]: df2 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 1], 'B': [3, 3]})

In [88]: df1
Out[88]: 
   A    B
0  0  NaN
1  0  4.0

In [89]: df2
Out[89]: 
   A  B
0  1  3
1  1  3

In [90]: df1.combine(df2, take_smaller, fill_value=-88)
Out[90]: 
   A     B
0  0 -88.0
1  0   4.0

overwrite=False保留

In [91]: df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [0, 0], 'B': [4, 4]})

In [92]: df2 = pd.DataFrame({'B': [3, 3], 'C': [-10, 1], }, index=[1, 2])

In [93]: df1
Out[93]: 
   A  B
0  0  4
1  0  4

In [94]: df2
Out[94]: 
   B   C
1  3 -10
2  3   1

In [95]: df1.combine(df2, take_smaller)
Out[95]: 
    A    B     C
0 NaN  NaN   NaN
1 NaN  3.0 -10.0
2 NaN  3.0   1.0
# 保留A列原有的值
In [96]: df1.combine(df2, take_smaller, overwrite=False)
Out[96]: 
     A    B     C
0  0.0  NaN   NaN
1  0.0  3.0 -10.0
2  NaN  3.0   1.0

另外一个combine_first

df.combine_first(other: 'DataFrame') -> 'DataFrame'

当df中元素为空采用other里的进行替换,结果为并集合并

In [97]: df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [None, 0], 'B': [None, 4]})

In [98]: df2 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 1], 'B': [3, 3]})

In [99]: df1
Out[99]: 
     A    B
0  NaN  NaN
1  0.0  4.0

In [100]: df2
Out[100]: 
   A  B
0  1  3
1  1  3

In [101]: df1.combine_first(df2)
Out[101]: 
     A    B
0  1.0  3.0
1  0.0  4.0

In [102]: df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [None, 0], 'B': [4, None]})

In [103]: df2 = pd.DataFrame({'B': [3, 3], 'C': [1, 1]}, index=[1, 2])

In [104]: df1
Out[104]: 
     A    B
0  NaN  4.0
1  0.0  NaN

In [105]: df2
Out[105]: 
   B  C
1  3  1
2  3  1

In [106]: df1.combine_first(df2)
Out[106]: 
     A    B    C
0  NaN  4.0  NaN
1  0.0  3.0  1.0
2  NaN  3.0  1.0

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