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Python必备技巧之Pandas数据合并函数代码示例
时间:2022-06-25 01:19:03 编辑:袖梨 来源:一聚教程网
本篇文章小编给大家分享一下Python必备技巧之Pandas数据合并函数代码示例,文章代码介绍的很详细,小编觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家供大家参考,有需要的小伙伴们可以来看看。
1. concat
concat是pandas中专门用于数据连接合并的函数,功能非常强大,支持纵向合并和横向合并,默认情况下是纵向合并,具体可以通过参数进行设置。
pd.concat( objs: 'Iterable[NDFrame] | Mapping[Hashable, NDFrame]', axis=0, join='outer', ignore_index: 'bool' = False, keys=None, levels=None, names=None, verify_integrity: 'bool' = False, sort: 'bool' = False, copy: 'bool' = True, ) -> 'FrameOrSeriesUnion'
在函数方法中,各参数含义如下:
objs: 用于连接的数据,可以是DataFrame或Series组成的列表
axis=0 : 连接的方式,默认为0也就是纵向连接,可选 1 为横向连接
join='outer':合并方式,默认为 inner也就是交集,可选 outer 为并集
ignore_index: 是否保留原有的索引
keys=None:连接关系,使用传递的值作为一级索引
levels=None:用于构造多级索引
names=None:索引的名称
verify_integrity: 检测索引是否重复,如果为True则有重复索引会报错
sort: 并集合并方式下,对columns排序
copy: 是否深度拷贝
接下来,我们就对该函数功能进行演示
基础连接
In [1]: import pandas as pd In [2]: s1 = pd.Series(['a', 'b']) In [3]: s2 = pd.Series(['c', 'd']) In [4]: s1 Out[4]: 0 a 1 b dtype: object In [5]: s2 Out[5]: 0 c 1 d dtype: object In [6]: pd.concat([s1, s2]) Out[6]: 0 a 1 b 0 c 1 d dtype: object In [7]: df1 = pd.DataFrame([['a', 1], ['b', 2]], ...: columns=['letter', 'number']) In [8]: df2 = pd.DataFrame([['c', 3], ['d', 4]], ...: columns=['letter', 'number']) In [9]: pd.concat([df1, df2]) Out[9]: letter number 0 a 1 1 b 2 0 c 3 1 d 4
横向连接
In [10]: pd.concat([df1, df2], axis=1) Out[10]: letter number letter number 0 a 1 c 3 1 b 2 d 4
默认情况下,concat是取并集,如果两个数据中有个数据没有对应行或列,则会填充为空值NaN。
合并交集
In [11]: df3 = pd.DataFrame([['c', 3, 'cat'], ['d', 4, 'dog']], ...: columns=['letter', 'number', 'animal']) In [12]: df1 Out[12]: letter number 0 a 1 1 b 2 In [13]: df3 Out[13]: letter number animal 0 c 3 cat 1 d 4 dog In [14]: pd.concat([df1, df3], join='inner') Out[14]: letter number 0 a 1 1 b 2 0 c 3 1 d 4
索引重置(不保留原有索引)
In [15]: pd.concat([df1, df3], join='inner', ignore_index=True) Out[15]: letter number 0 a 1 1 b 2 2 c 3 3 d 4 # 以下方式和上述的输出结果等价 In [16]: pd.concat([df1, df3], join='inner').reset_index(drop=True) Out[16]: letter number 0 a 1 1 b 2 2 c 3 3 d 4
指定索引
In [17]: pd.concat([df1, df3], keys=['df1','df3']) Out[17]: letter number animal df1 0 a 1 NaN 1 b 2 NaN df3 0 c 3 cat 1 d 4 dog In [18]: pd.concat([df1, df3], keys=['df1','df3'], names=['df名称','行ID']) Out[18]: letter number animal df名称 行ID df1 0 a 1 NaN 1 b 2 NaN df3 0 c 3 cat 1 d 4 dog
检测重复
如果索引出现重复,则无法通过检测,会报错
In [19]: pd.concat([df1, df3], verify_integrity=True) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: Indexes have overlapping values: Int64Index([0, 1], dtype='int64')
合并并集下columns排序
In [21]: pd.concat([df1, df3], sort=True) Out[21]: animal letter number 0 NaN a 1 1 NaN b 2 0 cat c 3 1 dog d 4
DataFrame与Series合并
In [22]: pd.concat([df1, s1]) Out[22]: letter number 0 0 a 1.0 NaN 1 b 2.0 NaN 0 NaN NaN a 1 NaN NaN b In [23]: pd.concat([df1, s1], axis=1) Out[23]: letter number 0 0 a 1 a 1 b 2 b # 新增列一般可选以下两种方式 In [24]: df1.assign(新增列=s1) Out[24]: letter number 新增列 0 a 1 a 1 b 2 b In [25]: df1['新增列'] = s1 In [26]: df1 Out[26]: letter number 新增列 0 a 1 a 1 b 2 b
以上就concat函数方法的一些功能,相比之下,另外一个函数append也可以用于数据追加(纵向合并)
2. append
append主要用于追加数据,是比较简单直接的数据合并方式。
df.append( other, ignore_index: 'bool' = False, verify_integrity: 'bool' = False, sort: 'bool' = False, ) -> 'DataFrame'
在函数方法中,各参数含义如下:
other: 用于追加的数据,可以是DataFrame或Series或组成的列表
ignore_index: 是否保留原有的索引
verify_integrity: 检测索引是否重复,如果为True则有重复索引会报错
sort: 并集合并方式下,对columns排序
接下来,我们就对该函数功能进行演示
基础追加
In [41]: df1.append(df2) Out[41]: letter number 0 a 1 1 b 2 0 c 3 1 d 4 In [42]: df1.append([df1,df2,df3]) Out[42]: letter number animal 0 a 1 NaN 1 b 2 NaN 0 a 1 NaN 1 b 2 NaN 0 c 3 NaN 1 d 4 NaN 0 c 3 cat 1 d 4 dog
columns重置(不保留原有索引)
In [43]: df1.append([df1,df2,df3], ignore_index=True) Out[43]: letter number animal 0 a 1 NaN 1 b 2 NaN 2 a 1 NaN 3 b 2 NaN 4 c 3 NaN 5 d 4 NaN 6 c 3 cat 7 d 4 dog
检测重复
如果索引出现重复,则无法通过检测,会报错
In [44]: df1.append([df1,df2], verify_integrity=True) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: Indexes have overlapping values: Int64Index([0, 1], dtype='int64')
索引排序
In [46]: df1.append([df1,df2,df3], sort=True) Out[46]: animal letter number 0 NaN a 1 1 NaN b 2 0 NaN a 1 1 NaN b 2 0 NaN c 3 1 NaN d 4 0 cat c 3 1 dog d 4
追加Series
In [49]: s = pd.Series({'letter':'s1','number':9}) In [50]: s Out[50]: letter s1 number 9 dtype: object In [51]: df1.append(s) Traceback (most recent call last): ... TypeError: Can only append a Series if ignore_index=True or if the Series has a name In [53]: df1.append(s, ignore_index=True) Out[53]: letter number 0 a 1 1 b 2 2 s1 9
追加字典
这个在爬虫的时候比较好使,每爬取一条数据就合并到DataFrame类似数据中存储起来
In [54]: dic = {'letter':'s1','number':9} In [55]: df1.append(dic, ignore_index=True) Out[55]: letter number 0 a 1 1 b 2 2 s1 9
3. merge
merge函数方法类似SQL里的join,可以是pd.merge或者df.merge,区别就在于后者待合并的数据是
pd.merge( left: 'DataFrame | Series', right: 'DataFrame | Series', how: 'str' = 'inner', on: 'IndexLabel | None' = None, left_on: 'IndexLabel | None' = None, right_on: 'IndexLabel | None' = None, left_index: 'bool' = False, right_index: 'bool' = False, sort: 'bool' = False, suffixes: 'Suffixes' = ('_x', '_y'), copy: 'bool' = True, indicator: 'bool' = False, validate: 'str | None' = None, ) -> 'DataFrame'
在函数方法中,关键参数含义如下:
left: 用于连接的左侧数据
right: 用于连接的右侧数据
how: 数据连接方式,默认为 inner,可选outer、left和right
on: 连接关键字段,左右侧数据中需要都存在,否则就用left_on和right_on
left_on: 左侧数据用于连接的关键字段
right_on: 右侧数据用于连接的关键字段
left_index: True表示左侧索引为连接关键字段
right_index: True表示右侧索引为连接关键字段
suffixes: ‘Suffixes’ = (’_x’, ‘_y’),可以自由指定,就是同列名合并后列名显示后缀
indicator: 是否显示合并后某行数据的归属来源
接下来,我们就对该函数功能进行演示
基础合并
In [55]: df1 = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['foo', 'bar', 'bal'], ...: 'value2': [1, 2, 3]}) In [56]: df2 = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['foo', 'bar', 'baz'], ...: 'value1': [5, 6, 7]}) In [57]: df1.merge(df2) Out[57]: key value2 value1 0 foo 1 5 1 bar 2 6
其他连接方式
In [58]: df1.merge(df2, how='left') Out[58]: key value2 value1 0 foo 1 5.0 1 bar 2 6.0 2 bal 3 NaN In [59]: df1.merge(df2, how='right') Out[59]: key value2 value1 0 foo 1.0 5 1 bar 2.0 6 2 baz NaN 7 In [60]: df1.merge(df2, how='outer') Out[60]: key value2 value1 0 foo 1.0 5.0 1 bar 2.0 6.0 2 bal 3.0 NaN 3 baz NaN 7.0 In [61]: df1.merge(df2, how='cross') Out[61]: key_x value2 key_y value1 0 foo 1 foo 5 1 foo 1 bar 6 2 foo 1 baz 7 3 bar 2 foo 5 4 bar 2 bar 6 5 bar 2 baz 7 6 bal 3 foo 5 7 bal 3 bar 6 8 bal 3 baz 7
指定连接键
可以指定单个连接键,也可以指定多个连接键
In [62]: df1 = pd.DataFrame({'lkey1': ['foo', 'bar', 'bal'], ...: 'lkey2': ['a', 'b', 'c'], ...: 'value2': [1, 2, 3]}) In [63]: df2 = pd.DataFrame({'rkey1': ['foo', 'bar', 'baz'], ...: 'rkey2': ['a', 'b', 'c'], ...: 'value2': [5, 6, 7]}) In [64]: df1 Out[64]: lkey1 lkey2 value2 0 foo a 1 1 bar b 2 2 bal c 3 In [65]: df2 Out[65]: rkey1 rkey2 value2 0 foo a 5 1 bar b 6 2 baz c 7 In [66]: df1.merge(df2, left_on='lkey1', right_on='rkey1') Out[66]: lkey1 lkey2 value2_x rkey1 rkey2 value2_y 0 foo a 1 foo a 5 1 bar b 2 bar b 6 In [67]: df1.merge(df2, left_on=['lkey1','lkey2'], right_on=['rkey1','rkey2']) Out[67]: lkey1 lkey2 value2_x rkey1 rkey2 value2_y 0 foo a 1 foo a 5 1 bar b 2 bar b 6
指定索引为键
Out[68]: df1.merge(df2, left_index=True, right_index=True) Out[68]: lkey1 lkey2 value2_x rkey1 rkey2 value2_y 0 foo a 1 foo a 5 1 bar b 2 bar b 6 2 bal c 3 baz c 7
设置重复列后缀
In [69]: df1.merge(df2, left_on='lkey1', right_on='rkey1', suffixes=['左','右']) Out[69]: lkey1 lkey2 value2左 rkey1 rkey2 value2右 0 foo a 1 foo a 5 1 bar b 2 bar b 6
连接指示
新增一列用于显示数据来源
In [70]: df1.merge(df2, left_on='lkey1', right_on='rkey1', suffixes=['左','右'], how='outer', ...: indicator=True ...: ) Out[70]: lkey1 lkey2 value2左 rkey1 rkey2 value2右 _merge 0 foo a 1.0 foo a 5.0 both 1 bar b 2.0 bar b 6.0 both 2 bal c 3.0 NaN NaN NaN left_only 3 NaN NaN NaN baz c 7.0 right_only
4. join
join就有点想append之于concat,用于数据合并
df.join( other: 'FrameOrSeriesUnion', on: 'IndexLabel | None' = None, how: 'str' = 'left', lsuffix: 'str' = '', rsuffix: 'str' = '', sort: 'bool' = False, ) -> 'DataFrame'
在函数方法中,关键参数含义如下:
other: 用于合并的右侧数据
on: 连接关键字段,左右侧数据中需要都存在,否则就用left_on和right_on
how: 数据连接方式,默认为 inner,可选outer、left和right
lsuffix: 左侧同名列后缀
rsuffix:右侧同名列后缀
接下来,我们就对该函数功能进行演示
In [71]: df = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2', 'K3', 'K4', 'K5'], ...: 'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3', 'A4', 'A5']}) In [72]: other = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2'], ...: 'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2']}) In [73]: df Out[73]: key A 0 K0 A0 1 K1 A1 2 K2 A2 3 K3 A3 4 K4 A4 5 K5 A5 In [74]: other Out[74]: key B 0 K0 B0 1 K1 B1 2 K2 B2 In [75]: df.join(other, on='key') Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: You are trying to merge on object and int64 columns. If you wish to proceed you should use pd.concat
如果想用key关键字, 则需要key是索引。。。
指定key
In [76]: df.set_index('key').join(other.set_index('key')) Out[76]: A B key K0 A0 B0 K1 A1 B1 K2 A2 B2 K3 A3 NaN K4 A4 NaN K5 A5 NaN In [77]: df.join(other.set_index('key'), on='key') Out[77]: key A B 0 K0 A0 B0 1 K1 A1 B1 2 K2 A2 B2 3 K3 A3 NaN 4 K4 A4 NaN 5 K5 A5 NaN
指定重复列后缀
In [78]: df.join(other, lsuffix='_左', rsuffix='右') Out[78]: key_左 A key右 B 0 K0 A0 K0 B0 1 K1 A1 K1 B1 2 K2 A2 K2 B2 3 K3 A3 NaN NaN 4 K4 A4 NaN NaN 5 K5 A5 NaN NaN
其他参数就不多做介绍了,和merge基本一样。
5. combine
在数据合并的过程中,我们可能需要对对应位置的值进行一定的计算,pandas提供了combine和combine_first函数方法来进行这方面的合作操作。
df.combine( other: 'DataFrame', func, fill_value=None, overwrite: 'bool' = True, ) -> 'DataFrame'
比如,数据合并的时候取单元格最小的值
In [79]: df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [0, 0], 'B': [4, 4]}) In [80]: df2 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 1], 'B': [3, 3]}) In [81]: df1 Out[81]: A B 0 0 4 1 0 4 In [82]: df2 Out[82]: A B 0 1 3 1 1 3 In [83]: take_smaller = lambda s1, s2: s1 if s1.sum() < s2.sum() else s2 In [84]: df1.combine(df2, take_smaller) Out[84]: A B 0 0 3 1 0 3 # 也可以调用numpy的函数 In [85]: import numpy as np In [86]: df1.combine(df2, np.minimum) Out[86]: A B 0 0 3 1 0 3
fill_value填充缺失值
In [87]: df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [0, 0], 'B': [None, 4]}) In [87]: df2 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 1], 'B': [3, 3]}) In [88]: df1 Out[88]: A B 0 0 NaN 1 0 4.0 In [89]: df2 Out[89]: A B 0 1 3 1 1 3 In [90]: df1.combine(df2, take_smaller, fill_value=-88) Out[90]: A B 0 0 -88.0 1 0 4.0
overwrite=False保留
In [91]: df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [0, 0], 'B': [4, 4]}) In [92]: df2 = pd.DataFrame({'B': [3, 3], 'C': [-10, 1], }, index=[1, 2]) In [93]: df1 Out[93]: A B 0 0 4 1 0 4 In [94]: df2 Out[94]: B C 1 3 -10 2 3 1 In [95]: df1.combine(df2, take_smaller) Out[95]: A B C 0 NaN NaN NaN 1 NaN 3.0 -10.0 2 NaN 3.0 1.0 # 保留A列原有的值 In [96]: df1.combine(df2, take_smaller, overwrite=False) Out[96]: A B C 0 0.0 NaN NaN 1 0.0 3.0 -10.0 2 NaN 3.0 1.0
另外一个combine_first
df.combine_first(other: 'DataFrame') -> 'DataFrame'
当df中元素为空采用other里的进行替换,结果为并集合并
In [97]: df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [None, 0], 'B': [None, 4]}) In [98]: df2 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 1], 'B': [3, 3]}) In [99]: df1 Out[99]: A B 0 NaN NaN 1 0.0 4.0 In [100]: df2 Out[100]: A B 0 1 3 1 1 3 In [101]: df1.combine_first(df2) Out[101]: A B 0 1.0 3.0 1 0.0 4.0 In [102]: df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [None, 0], 'B': [4, None]}) In [103]: df2 = pd.DataFrame({'B': [3, 3], 'C': [1, 1]}, index=[1, 2]) In [104]: df1 Out[104]: A B 0 NaN 4.0 1 0.0 NaN In [105]: df2 Out[105]: B C 1 3 1 2 3 1 In [106]: df1.combine_first(df2) Out[106]: A B C 0 NaN 4.0 NaN 1 0.0 3.0 1.0 2 NaN 3.0 1.0
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