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JAVA多线程中join()方法代码使用方法

时间:2022-06-29 02:26:42 编辑:袖梨 来源:一聚教程网

本篇文章小编给大家分享一下JAVA多线程中join()方法代码使用方法,文章代码介绍的很详细,小编觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家供大家参考,有需要的小伙伴们可以来看看。

下面则是分析过程。

之前对于join()方法只是了解它能够使得t.join()中的t优先执行,当t执行完后才会执行其他线程。能够使得线程之间的并行执行变成串行执行。

package CSDN;
public class TestJoin {
 
 public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  ThreadTest t1=new ThreadTest("A");
  ThreadTest t2=new ThreadTest("B");
  t1.start();
  t2.start();
 }
 
 
}
class ThreadTest extends Thread {
 private String name;
 public ThreadTest(String name){
  this.name=name;
 }
 public void run(){
  for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){
    System.out.println(name+"-"+i);
  }  
 }
}

运行结果:

A-1

B-1

B-2

B-3

A-2

B-4

A-3

B-5

A-4

A-5

可以看出A线程和B线程是交替执行的。

而在其中加入join()方法后(后面的代码都略去了ThreadTest类的定义)

package CSDN;
public class TestJoin {
 
 public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  ThreadTest t1=new ThreadTest("A");
  ThreadTest t2=new ThreadTest("B");
  t1.start();
  t1.join();
  t2.start();
 }
}

运行结果:

A-1

A-2

A-3

A-4

A-5

B-1

B-2

B-3

B-4

B-5

显然,使用t1.join()之后,B线程需要等A线程执行完毕之后才能执行。需要注意的是,t1.join()需要等t1.start()执行之后执行才有效果,此外,如果t1.join()放在t2.start()之后的话,仍然会是交替执行,然而并不是没有效果,这点困扰了我很久,也没在别的博客里看到过。

为了深入理解,我们先看一下join()的源码。

    /**
     * Waits for this thread to die.
     *
     * 

An invocation of this method behaves in exactly the same * way as the invocation * *

* {@linkplain #join(long) join}{@code (0)} *
* * @throws InterruptedException * if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The * interrupted status of the current thread is * cleared when this exception is thrown. */ public final void join() throws InterruptedException { join(0); //join()等同于join(0) } /** * Waits at most {@code millis} milliseconds for this thread to * die. A timeout of {@code 0} means to wait forever. * *

This implementation uses a loop of {@code this.wait} calls * conditioned on {@code this.isAlive}. As a thread terminates the * {@code this.notifyAll} method is invoked. It is recommended that * applications not use {@code wait}, {@code notify}, or * {@code notifyAll} on {@code Thread} instances. * * @param millis * the time to wait in milliseconds * * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if the value of {@code millis} is negative * * @throws InterruptedException * if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The * interrupted status of the current thread is * cleared when this exception is thrown. */ public final synchronized void join(long millis) throws InterruptedException { long base = System.currentTimeMillis(); long now = 0; if (millis < 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative"); } if (millis == 0) { while (isAlive()) { wait(0); //join(0)等同于wait(0),即wait无限时间直到被notify } } else { while (isAlive()) { long delay = millis - now; if (delay <= 0) { break; } wait(delay); now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base; } } }

可以看出,join()方法的底层是利用wait()方法实现的。可以看出,join方法是一个同步方法,当主线程调用t1.join()方法时,主线程先获得了t1对象的锁,随后进入方法,调用了t1对象的wait()方法,使主线程进入了t1对象的等待池,此时,A线程则还在执行,并且随后的t2.start()还没被执行,因此,B线程也还没开始。等到A线程执行完毕之后,主线程继续执行,走到了t2.start(),B线程才会开始执行。

此外,对于join()的位置和作用的关系,我们可以用下面的例子来分析

package CSDN;
 
public class TestJoin {
 
 public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" start");
  ThreadTest t1=new ThreadTest("A");
  ThreadTest t2=new ThreadTest("B");
  ThreadTest t3=new ThreadTest("C");
  System.out.println("t1start");
  t1.start();
  System.out.println("t2start");
  t2.start();
  System.out.println("t3start");
  t3.start();
  System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" end");
 } 
}

运行结果为

main start

t1start

t1end

t2start

t2end

t3start

t3end

A-1

A-2

main end

C-1

C-2

C-3

C-4

C-5

A-3

B-1

B-2

B-3

B-4

B-5

A-4

A-5

A、B、C和主线程交替运行。加入join()方法后

package CSDN;
 
public class TestJoin {
 
 public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" start");
  ThreadTest t1=new ThreadTest("A");
  ThreadTest t2=new ThreadTest("B");
  ThreadTest t3=new ThreadTest("C");
  System.out.println("t1start");
  t1.start();
  System.out.println("t1end");
  System.out.println("t2start");
  t2.start();
  System.out.println("t2end");
  t1.join();
  System.out.println("t3start");
  t3.start();
  System.out.println("t3end");
  System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" end");
 } 
}

运行结果:

main start

t1start

t1end

t2start

t2end

A-1

B-1

A-2

A-3

A-4

A-5

B-2

t3start

t3end

B-3

main end

B-4

B-5

C-1

C-2

C-3

C-4

C-5

多次实验可以看出,主线程在t1.join()方法处停止,并需要等待A线程执行完毕后才会执行t3.start(),然而,并不影响B线程的执行。因此,可以得出结论,t.join()方法只会使主线程进入等待池并等待t线程执行完毕后才会被唤醒。并不影响同一时刻处在运行状态的其他线程。

PS:join源码中,只会调用wait方法,并没有在结束时调用notify,这是因为线程在die的时候会自动调用自身的notifyAll方法,来释放所有的资源和锁。

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