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Java Netty如何实现心跳检测 Java Netty实现心跳检测代码解析
时间:2022-06-29 00:57:15 编辑:袖梨 来源:一聚教程网
本篇文章小编给大家分享一下Java Netty实现心跳检测代码解析,小编觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家供大家参考,有需要的小伙伴们可以来看看。
心跳检测的逻辑
服务端启动后,等待客户端连接,客户端连接之后,向服务端发送消息。如果客户端在“干活”那么服务端必定会收到数据,如果客户端“闲下来了”那么服务端就接收不到这个客户端的消息,既然客户端闲下来了,不干事,那么何必浪费连接资源呢?所以服务端检测到一定时间内客户端不活跃的时候,将客户端连接关闭。本文要实现的逻辑步骤为:
启动服务端,启动客户端
客户端向服务端发送"I am alive",并sleep随机时间,用来模拟空闲。
服务端接收客户端消息,并返回"copy that",客户端空闲时 计数+1.
服务端客户端继续通信
服务端检测客户端空闲太多,关闭连接。客户端发现连接关闭了,就退出了。
有了这个思路,我们先来编写服务端。
心跳检测服务端代码
public class HeartBeatServer { int port ; public HeartBeatServer(int port){ this.port = port; } public void start(){ ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup(); EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try{ bootstrap.group(boss,worker) .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .childHandler(new HeartBeatInitializer()); ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync(); future.channel().closeFuture().sync(); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); }finally { worker.shutdownGracefully(); boss.shutdownGracefully(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { HeartBeatServer server = new HeartBeatServer(8090); server.start(); } }
熟悉netty的同志,对于上面的模板一样的代码一定是在熟悉不过了。啥都不用看,只需要看childHandler(new HeartBeatInitializer()) 这一句。HeartBeatInitializer就是一个ChannelInitializer顾名思义,他就是在初始化channel的时做一些事情。我们所需要开发的业务逻辑Handler就是在这里添加的。其代码如下:
public class HeartBeatInitializer extends ChannelInitializer{ @Override protected void initChannel(Channel channel) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipeline = channel.pipeline(); pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder()); pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder()); pipeline.addLast(new IdleStateHandler(2,2,2, TimeUnit.SECONDS)); pipeline.addLast(new HeartBeatHandler()); } }
代码很简单,我们先添加了StringDecoder,和StringEncoder。这两个其实就是编解码用的,下面的IdleStateHandler才是本次心跳的核心组件。我们可以看到IdleStateHandler的构造函数中接收了4个参数,其定义如下:
public IdleStateHandler(long readerIdleTime, long writerIdleTime, long allIdleTime, TimeUnit unit);
三个空闲时间参数,以及时间参数的格式。我们的例子中设置的是2,2,2,意思就是客户端2秒没有读/写,这个超时时间就会被触发。超时事件触发就需要我们来处理了,这就是上的HeartBeatInitializer中最后一行的HeartBeatHandler所做的事情。代码如下:
public class HeartBeatHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler{ int readIdleTimes = 0; @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String s) throws Exception { System.out.println(" ====== > [server] message received : " + s); if("I am alive".equals(s)){ ctx.channel().writeAndFlush("copy that"); }else { System.out.println(" 其他信息处理 ... "); } } @Override public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception { IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent)evt; String eventType = null; switch (event.state()){ case READER_IDLE: eventType = "读空闲"; readIdleTimes ++; // 读空闲的计数加1 break; case WRITER_IDLE: eventType = "写空闲"; // 不处理 break; case ALL_IDLE: eventType ="读写空闲"; // 不处理 break; } System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + "超时事件:" +eventType); if(readIdleTimes > 3){ System.out.println(" [server]读空闲超过3次,关闭连接"); ctx.channel().writeAndFlush("you are out"); ctx.channel().close(); } } @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { System.err.println("=== " + ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + " is active ==="); } }
至此,我们的服务端写好了。
心跳检测客户端代码
netty的api设计使得编码的模式非常具有通用性,所以客户端代码和服务端的代码几乎一样:启动client端的代码几乎一样,也需要一个ChannelInitializer,也需要Handler。改动的地方很少,因此本文不对客户端代码进行详细解释。下面给出client端的完整代码:
public class HeartBeatClient { int port; Channel channel; Random random ; public HeartBeatClient(int port){ this.port = port; random = new Random(); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ HeartBeatClient client = new HeartBeatClient(8090); client.start(); } public void start() { EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try{ Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap(); bootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup).channel(NioSocketChannel.class) .handler(new HeartBeatClientInitializer()); connect(bootstrap,port); String text = "I am alive"; while (channel.isActive()){ sendMsg(text); } }catch(Exception e){ // do something }finally { eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } public void connect(Bootstrap bootstrap,int port) throws Exception{ channel = bootstrap.connect("localhost",8090).sync().channel(); } public void sendMsg(String text) throws Exception{ int num = random.nextInt(10); Thread.sleep(num * 1000); channel.writeAndFlush(text); } static class HeartBeatClientInitializer extends ChannelInitializer{ @Override protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline(); pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder()); pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder()); pipeline.addLast(new HeartBeatClientHandler()); } } static class HeartBeatClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler { @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) throws Exception { System.out.println(" client received :" +msg); if(msg!= null && msg.equals("you are out")) { System.out.println(" server closed connection , so client will close too"); ctx.channel().closeFuture(); } } } }
运行代码
在上面的代码写好之后,我们先启动服务端,然后在启动客户端。运行日志如下:
server端:
=== /127.0.0.1:57700 is active === ====== > [server] message received : I am alive ====== > [server] message received : I am alive /127.0.0.1:57700超时事件:写空闲 /127.0.0.1:57700超时事件:读空闲 /127.0.0.1:57700超时事件:读写空闲 /127.0.0.1:57700超时事件:写空闲 /127.0.0.1:57700超时事件:读空闲 /127.0.0.1:57700超时事件:读写空闲 /127.0.0.1:57700超时事件:写空闲 ====== > [server] message received : I am alive /127.0.0.1:57700超时事件:写空闲 /127.0.0.1:57700超时事件:读写空闲 /127.0.0.1:57700超时事件:读空闲 /127.0.0.1:57700超时事件:写空闲 /127.0.0.1:57700超时事件:读写空闲 /127.0.0.1:57700超时事件:读空闲 [server]读空闲超过3次,关闭连接
client端:
client sent msg and sleep 2 client received :copy that client received :copy that client sent msg and sleep 6 client sent msg and sleep 6 client received :copy that client received :you are out server closed connection , so client will close too Process finished with exit code 0
通过上面的运行日志,我们可以看到:
1.客户端在与服务器成功建立之后,发送了3次'I am alive',服务端也回应了3次:'copy that'
2.由于客户端消极怠工,超时了多次,服务端关闭了链接。
3.客户端知道服务端抛弃自己之后,也关闭了连接,程序退出。
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