oracle数据库中expdp和impdp导出导入

expdp和impdp是oracle从10g开始新增加的导出、导入功能。名称叫数据泵。

expdp：Data Pump Export
impdp：Data Pump Import

一、expdp、impdp和exp、imp的区别

expdp、impdp：
1、可以导入导出单个或多个数据库、用户(schema)、表空间、表。
2、强大的数据过滤功能。
3、速度快。
4、不支持XMLType数据。

exp、imp：
1、支持XMLType数据。
2、不支持FLOAT和DOUBLE数据类型。
3、功能和数据泵类似，更推荐使用数据泵除非是XMLType数据。

二、导出导入方法

小实验：将hr用户数据导出，新建用户hr2，再导入新建用户。

1、创建目录对象
目录是数据库对象，它是一个在物理主机文件系统上的目录的别名。

mkdir /tmp/expdata
chmod 777 /tmp/expdata

同时要注意oracle用户对导出目录要有读写权限。

SQL> create or replace directory dmpdir as '/tmp/expdata';

2、授予权限

SQL> grant read,write on directory dmpdir to hr;

3、导出

SQL> expdp hr/hr schemas=hr directory=dmpdir dumpfile=expdp.dmp logfile=expdp.log job_name=my_job;

Starting "HR"."MY_JOB":  hr/******** schemas=hr directory=dmpdir dumpfile=expdp.dmp logfile=expdp.log job_name=my_job
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 512 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SEQUENCE/SEQUENCE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/VIEW/VIEW
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TRIGGER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "HR"."COUNTRIES"                            6.367 KB      25 rows
. . exported "HR"."DEPARTMENTS"                          7.007 KB      27 rows
. . exported "HR"."EMPLOYEES"                            16.80 KB     107 rows
. . exported "HR"."JOBS"                                 6.992 KB      19 rows
. . exported "HR"."JOB_HISTORY"                          7.054 KB      10 rows
. . exported "HR"."LOCATIONS"                            8.273 KB      23 rows
. . exported "HR"."REGIONS"                              5.476 KB       4 rows
. . exported "HR"."TEST_T"                               6.796 KB      10 rows
Master table "HR"."MY_JOB" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for HR.MY_JOB is:
  /tmp/expdata/expdp.dmp
Job "HR"."MY_JOB" successfully completed at 09:07:28

4、创建用户hr2

-- USER SQL
CREATE USER hr2 IDENTIFIED BY hr2
DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USERS"
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP";

-- QUOTAS
ALTER USER hr2 QUOTA UNLIMITED ON USERS;

-- ROLES
GRANT "CONNECT" TO hr2 ;
GRANT "RESOURCE" TO hr2 ;

-- SYSTEM PRIVILEGES
GRANT CREATE ANY INDEX TO hr2 ;
GRANT CREATE VIEW TO hr2 ;
GRANT CREATE SESSION TO hr2 ;

5、导入

SQL> grant read,write on directory dmpdir to hr2;
SQL> impdp hr2/hr2 schemas=hr remap_schema=hr:hr2 directory=dmpdir dumpfile=expdp.dmp logfile=impdp.log job_name=my_jod2;

Master table "HR2"."MY_JOD2" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "HR2"."MY_JOD2":  hr2/******** schemas=hr remap_schema=hr:hr2 directory=dmpdir dumpfile=expdp.dmp logfile=impdp.log job_name=my_jod2
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SEQUENCE/SEQUENCE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "HR2"."COUNTRIES"                           6.367 KB      25 rows
. . imported "HR2"."DEPARTMENTS"                         7.007 KB      27 rows
. . imported "HR2"."EMPLOYEES"                           16.80 KB     107 rows
. . imported "HR2"."JOBS"                                6.992 KB      19 rows
. . imported "HR2"."JOB_HISTORY"                         7.054 KB      10 rows
. . imported "HR2"."LOCATIONS"                           8.273 KB      23 rows
. . imported "HR2"."REGIONS"                             5.476 KB       4 rows
. . imported "HR2"."TEST_T"                              6.796 KB      10 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/VIEW/VIEW
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TRIGGER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Job "HR2"."MY_JOD2" successfully completed at 09:24:39

remap_schema表示从用户hr导入到用户hr2。