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oracle数据库11203 RAC(asm)恢复的例子

时间:2022-06-29 09:39:50 编辑:袖梨 来源:一聚教程网

前天某客户的11203 rac(asm)出现掉电,导致数据库无法启动,注意数据库是归档模式。可见是多么倒霉。
据同事说开始是由于发redo和undo损坏导致无法启动,部分信息如下:


Thu May 08 20:51:07 2014
 Dumping diagnostic data in directory=[cdmp_20140508205107], requested by (instance=1, osid=13828272), summary=[incident=77085].
 Abort recovery for domain 0
 Aborting crash recovery due to error 354
 Errors in file /oracle/db/diag/rdbms/hiatmpdb/hiatmpdb1/trace/hiatmpdb1_ora_13828272.trc:
 ORA-00354: corrupt redo log block header
 ORA-00353: log corruption near block 67856 change 13820540000932 time 05/08/2014 13:12:44
 ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 2: '+DATA/hiatmpdb/onlinelog/group_3.269.830653613'
 ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 2: '+DATA/hiatmpdb/onlinelog/group_3.268.830653613'
他做了一些recover database until cancel操作。甚至还使用了隐含参数,但是仍然无法open数据库,如下:
SQL> alter system set “_allow_resetlogs_corruption”=true scope=spfile ;
SQL> alter system set “_allow_error_simulation”=true scope=spfile ;
open数据库时报undo存坏块,如下:

可以看到,在使用隐含参数进行open都仍然报undo存在坏块。
本来我想进行不完全恢复,发现后面执行recover database using backup controlfile until cancel 居然
报ora-16433错误,很明显,同事之前做过resetlogs了,解决这个错误只能重建undo,本想通过如下方式
来重建controlfile的,发现居然不行:

oradebug setmypid

alter database backup controlfile to trace;
居然错误我记不住了。既然是报undo错误,那么首先的想法就是吧该undo坏块涉及的回滚段进行屏蔽。
通过10046 event可以定位到问题回滚段,但是,11g的回滚段格式发生了变化,仅仅是这样还不够的,如下是
10046 event的跟踪信息:


=====================
 PARSING IN CURSOR #4574130432 len=142 dep=1 uid=0 oct=3 lid=0 tim=237352129855 hv=361892850 ad='700000160cd5178' sqlid='7bd391hat42zk'
 select /*+ rule */ name,file#,block#,status$,user#,undosqn,xactsqn,scnbas,scnwrp,DECODE(inst#,0,NULL,inst#),ts#,spare1 from undo$ where us#=:1
 END OF STMT
 PARSE #4574130432:c=9,e=14,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=1,og=3,plh=4258302260,tim=237352129854
 BINDS #4574130432:
 Bind#0
 oacdty=02 mxl=22(22) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
 oacflg=08 fl2=0001 frm=00 csi=00 siz=24 off=0
 kxsbbbfp=110a3acb8  bln=22  avl=02  flg=05
 value=3
 EXEC #4574130432:c=47,e=88,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=1,og=3,plh=4258302260,tim=237352130029
 FETCH #4574130432:c=8,e=13,p=0,cr=2,cu=0,mis=0,r=1,dep=1,og=3,plh=4258302260,tim=237352130065
 STAT #4574130432 id=1 cnt=1 pid=0 pos=1 obj=15 op='TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID UNDO$ (cr=2 pr=0 pw=0 time=10 us)'
 STAT #4574130432 id=2 cnt=1 pid=1 pos=1 obj=34 op='INDEX UNIQUE SCAN I_UNDO1 (cr=1 pr=0 pw=0 time=5 us)'
 CLOSE #4574130432:c=3,e=5,dep=1,type=1,tim=237352130125
 PARSE #4574130432:c=5,e=9,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=1,og=3,plh=4258302260,tim=237352130158
 BINDS #4574130432:
 Bind#0
 oacdty=02 mxl=22(22) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
 oacflg=08 fl2=0001 frm=00 csi=00 siz=24 off=0
 kxsbbbfp=110a3ab88  bln=22  avl=02  flg=05
 value=4
 EXEC #4574130432:c=44,e=71,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=1,og=3,plh=4258302260,tim=237352130278
 FETCH #4574130432:c=7,e=12,p=0,cr=2,cu=0,mis=0,r=1,dep=1,og=3,plh=4258302260,tim=237352130308
 CLOSE #4574130432:c=2,e=3,dep=1,type=3,tim=237352130335
 WAIT #4573319128: nam='db file sequential read' ela= 6947 file#=3 block#=176 blocks=1 obj#=0 tim=237352137334
 DDE rules only execution for: ORA 1110
 ----- START Event Driven Actions Dump ----
 ---- END Event Driven Actions Dump ----
 ----- START DDE Actions Dump -----
 Executing SYNC actions
 ----- START DDE Action: 'DB_STRUCTURE_INTEGRITY_CHECK' (Async) -----
 Successfully dispatched
 ----- END DDE Action: 'DB_STRUCTURE_INTEGRITY_CHECK' (SUCCESS, 0 csec) -----
 Executing ASYNC actions
 ----- END DDE Actions Dump (total 0 csec) -----
 WAIT #4573319128: nam='control file sequential read' ela= 258 file#=0 block#=1 blocks=1 obj#=0 tim=237352138057
 WAIT #4573319128: nam='control file sequential read' ela= 205 file#=1 block#=1 blocks=1 obj#=0 tim=237352138319
 WAIT #4573319128: nam='control file sequential read' ela= 190 file#=0 block#=40 blocks=1 obj#=0 tim=237352138539
 WAIT #4573319128: nam='control file sequential read' ela= 251 file#=0 block#=42 blocks=1 obj#=0 tim=237352138818
 WAIT #4573319128: nam='control file sequential read' ela= 192 file#=0 block#=48 blocks=1 obj#=0 tim=237352139044
 WAIT #4573319128: nam='control file sequential read' ela= 255 file#=0 block#=113 blocks=1 obj#=0 tim=237352139328
 WAIT #4573319128: nam='KSV master wait' ela= 1 p1=0 p2=0 p3=0 obj#=0 tim=237352139400
 Byte offset to file# 3 block# 176 is unknown
 Incident 115456 created, dump file: /oracle/db/diag/rdbms/hiatmpdb/hiatmpdb1/incident/incdir_115456/hiatmpdb1_ora_12583082_i115456.trc
 ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 3, block # 176)
 ORA-01110: data file 3: '+DATA/hiatmpdb/datafile/undotbs1.264.830644315'
 
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 3, block # 176)
 ORA-01110: data file 3: '+DATA/hiatmpdb/datafile/undotbs1.264.830644315'
 ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 3, block # 176)

 ORA-01110: data file 3: '+DATA/hiatmpdb/datafile/undotbs1.264.830644315'

我们可以看到,在访问回滚段4的时候报错了,但是无法获得回滚段的时间戳。Oracle 11g中的回滚段名称的格式如下:
_SYSSMUx_时间戳.
实际上,回滚段的信息都存在undo$基表中,我们只需要获得该基表的数据即可。11g中该基表的数据在file 1 block 225block中。因此只需要dd该block,然后strings+grep就行了。
最后利用隐含参数_offline_rollback_segments=(_SYSSMUx$) 和_corrupted_rollback_segments=(_SYSSMUx$) 来屏蔽,讲数据库open。 open之后发现想drop问题回滚段居然报错,既然能open也就能够查询dba_rollback_segs试图了,最后
发现还有部分回滚段状态也是异常的,因此通过类似这一点 方法来drop 回滚段:


alter session set "_smu_debug_mode" = 4;
 alter rollback segment "_SYSSMU3_83481414$"  offline;
 drop rollback segment  "_SYSSMU3_83481414$" ;
 alter rollback segment "_SYSSMU4_2115859630$"  offline;
 drop rollback segment  "_SYSSMU4_2115859630$" ;

注意,这里如果不这样做的话,无法清理回滚段,你想切换undo 表空间也会报错的。
这个问题搞完后,最后发现一个数据文件的坏块,这个坏块折腾了我很长时间,非常奇怪:


continued from file: /oracle/db/diag/rdbms/hiatmpdb/hiatmpdb2/trace/hiatmpdb2_ora_13959382.trc
 ORA-01578: ORACLE 数据块损坏 (文件号 97, 块号 373505)
 ORA-01110: 数据文件 97: '+DATA/hiatmpdb/datafile/hiatmpts_in06.dbf'
 
========= Dump for incident 197185 (ORA 1578) ========
 
*** 2014-05-11 16:38:55.665
 dbkedDefDump(): Starting incident default dumps (flags=0x2, level=3, mask=0x0)
 ----- Current SQL Statement for this session (sql_id=47bt6vfv19g6z) -----
 select t.nid ,t.cpic1path,t.cpic2path from HIATMP.DETECT_SPEED_DATA_EHL_EXTEND t where t.cdevicecode like '%44900100000001%' and row
 num < 200

可以看到,97号文件存在一个坏块,我dump了一下该block,发现比较怪:


** 2014-05-11 18:51:21.074
 Start dump data blocks tsn: 6 file#:97 minblk 373505 maxblk 373505
 Block dump from cache:
 Dump of buffer cache at level 4 for tsn=6 rdba=407220993
 BH (0x70000012ef08528) file#: 97 rdba: 0x1845b301 (97/373505) class: 8 ba: 0x70000012e5fe000
 set: 33 pool: 3 bsz: 8192 bsi: 0 sflg: 2 pwc: 1575,18
 dbwrid: 0 obj: 90762 objn: 90762 tsn: 6 afn: 97 hint: f
 hash: [0x700000157972b00,0x700000157972b00] lru: [0x70000012ef09348,0x70000012ef091d0]
 ckptq: [NULL] fileq: [NULL] objq: [0x70000012ef087b0,0x70000014153f8a0] objaq: [0x70000012ef087c0,0x70000014153f890]
 st: SCURRENT md: NULL fpin: 'ktspfwh13: ktspGetNextL1ForScan' tch: 4 le: 0x700000043fd8780
 flags: auto_bmr_tried
 LRBA: [0x0.0.0] LSCN: [0x0.0] HSCN: [0xffff.ffffffff] HSUB: [65535]
 Block dump from disk:
 buffer tsn: 6 rdba: 0x1845b301 (97/373505)
 scn: 0x0c91.d8604ed8 seq: 0xff flg: 0x04 tail: 0x4ed845ff
 frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0xcafb type: 0x45=NGLOB: Lob Extent Header
 Hex dump of block: st=0, typ_found=1
 Dump of memory from 0x0000000110AEA800 to 0x0000000110AEC800
 110AEA800 45A20000 1845B301 D8604ED8 0C91FF04  [E....E...`N.....]
 110AEA810 CAFB0000 B9138F29 9DC40000 05B6CCDA  [.......)........]

大家可以看下这个坏块的type,居然是0×45,说这是一个lob extent header block。开始我还以为这个表存在lob字段,
最后desc看了下表结构,根本没有lob字段。可见这个block是写乱了。
大家知道处理坏块的方法无法就是10231 event,dbms_repair,以及dbms_rowid来处理。当时试了几种方法均不行。
其中10231 event和dbms_repair本质上差不多,都是标记坏块,跳过多块读。而dbms_rowid则是根据坏块获取rowid,然后
根据rowid来抢救数据。居然也不行,比较怪。
最后我干脆创建一个空间,分配到该文件,然后delete掉数据,然后dd一个空块,修改掉rdba和obj id,然后直接dd替换。
后记:后面让同事全库检查,还发现了20来个数据坏块,不过大多是Index,处理相对简单,我就不参与了

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