windowsTB 非归档Oracle数据库恢复小case

这是友情支持一个朋友的数据库恢复case,昨天圣诞节的时候来个求助，只能速度帮忙解决了好过节去了。首先我们来看下的alert log都有哪些信息：

Wed Dec 23 15:19:21 2015
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Wed Dec 23 15:19:21 2015
Database Characterset is ZHS16GBK
Opening with internal Resource Manager plan
where NUMA PG = 2, CPUs = 8
Wed Dec 23 15:19:22 2015
Errors in file d:oracleproduct10.2.0adminajzqudumpajzq_ora_1712.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [45], [45], [], [], [], [], []
 
Doing block recovery for file 2 block 1618943
Block recovery from logseq 4, block 63 to scn 7662329350
Wed Dec 23 15:19:23 2015
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 1 Seq 4 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAxxxxREDO01.LOG
Block recovery completed at rba 4.4749.16, scn 1.3367362055
Doing block recovery for file 2 block 121
Block recovery from logseq 4, block 63 to scn 7662329346
Wed Dec 23 15:19:23 2015
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 1 Seq 4 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAxxxxREDO01.LOG
Block recovery completed at rba 4.3977.16, scn 1.3367362051
Wed Dec 23 15:19:24 2015
SMON: Restarting fast_start parallel rollback
Wed Dec 23 15:19:24 2015
Errors in file d:oracleproduct10.2.0adminxxxxudumpxxxx_ora_1712.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [45], [45], [], [], [], [], []
 
Wed Dec 23 15:19:24 2015
DEBUG: Replaying xcb 0xf0adfbe0, pmd 0x20588f48 for failed op 8
Doing block recovery for file 2 block 1618943
Block recovery from logseq 4, block 63 to scn 7662329350
Wed Dec 23 15:19:24 2015
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 1 Seq 4 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAxxxxREDO01.LOG
Block recovery completed at rba 4.4749.16, scn 1.3367362055
Wed Dec 23 15:21:28 2015
Errors in file d:oracleproduct10.2.0adminxxxxudumpxxxx_ora_1712.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [45], [45], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [45], [45], [],
.....
Wed Dec 23 16:47:26 2015
Errors in file d:oracleproduct10.2.0adminxxxxbdumpxxxx_p005_8980.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [2037], [141460651], [141460651], [162], [6], [1], [3367403517], [3141222167]
Wed Dec 23 16:47:26 2015
Hex dump of (file 92, block 3926982) in trace file d:oracleproduct10.2.0adminxxxxbdumpxxxx_dbw0_8864.trc
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x173bebc6 (file 92, block 3926982)
Bad header found during preparing block for write
Data in bad block:
 type: 23 format: 7 rdba: 0xbd3b3f17
 last change scn: 0x0001.c8b6be51 seq: 0x5 flg: 0x00
 spare1: 0x3b spare2: 0xbc spare3: 0xc
 consistency value in tail: 0xbe511705
 check value in block header: 0x0
 block checksum disabled
Wed Dec 23 16:47:26 2015
Errors in file d:oracleproduct10.2.0adminxxxxbdumpxxxx_p005_8980.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [2037], [141460651], [141460651], [162], [6], [1], [3367403517], [3141222167]
 
Wed Dec 23 16:47:27 2015
Errors in file d:oracleproduct10.2.0adminxxxxbdumpxxxx_dbw0_8864.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcbzpbuf_1], [4], [1], [], [], [], [], []
 
Wed Dec 23 16:47:27 2015
Errors in file d:oracleproduct10.2.0adminxxxxbdumpxxxx_dbw0_8864.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcbzpbuf_1], [4], [1], [], [], [], [], []
 
DBW0: terminating instance due to error 471
我们可以看到，这个数据库已经宕机好几天了，在23号的时候就已经无法正常open了。上述的结果错误也很常见很简单。朋友经过处理后顺利把数据库open了，可是打开之后创建新的undo 表空间之后尝试重启后就再也打开不开了。遇到了如下的错误：

Fri Dec 25 11:44:17 2015
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 3 Seq 6 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAxxxxREDO03.LOG
Fri Dec 25 11:44:17 2015
Completed redo application
Fri Dec 25 11:44:17 2015
Hex dump of (file 44, block 518322) in trace file d:oracleproduct10.2.0adminxxxxbdumpxxxx_dbw2_21232.trc
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0b07e8b2 (file 44, block 518322)
Bad header found during preparing block for write
Data in bad block:
 type: 82 format: 2 rdba: 0x1c4ee895
 last change scn: 0x0001.c8bbad54 seq: 0x21 flg: 0xf0
 spare1: 0x52 spare2: 0x4d spare3: 0x895b
 consistency value in tail: 0xad545221
 check value in block header: 0x0
 block checksum disabled
Fri Dec 25 11:44:18 2015
Errors in file d:oracleproduct10.2.0adminxxxxbdumpxxxx_dbw2_21232.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcbzpbuf_1], [4], [1], [], [], [], [], []
 
Fri Dec 25 11:44:18 2015
Errors in file d:oracleproduct10.2.0adminxxxxbdumpxxxx_dbw2_21232.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcbzpbuf_1], [4], [1], [], [], [], [], []
 
DBW2: terminating instance due to error 471
Fri Dec 25 11:44:18 2015
Errors in file d:oracleproduct10.2.0adminxxxxbdumpxxxx_p014_20704.trc:
ORA-00471: DBWR process terminated with error
这个错误我也是第一次遇见。从kcbzpbuf函数来看，是dbwr进出写脏块时发现了坏块。很明显，从上面的坏块信息来看，dba地址0x0b07e8b2 和 rdba地址0x1c4ee895是不匹配，这肯定没法正常写入的。
针对这个错误我事后在metalink 搜索了一下，还是有不少相关的文档甚至是bug，这里不多说了。处理方式很简单，首先加入如下2个隐含参数尝试打开数据库：
*._allow_resetlogs_corruption=TRUE
*._allow_error_simulation=TRUE
做了不完全恢复后，尝试open resetlogs时发现遇到了如下错误：

ri Dec 25 12:20:03 2015
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Fri Dec 25 12:20:04 2015
Errors in file d:oracleproduct10.2.0adminxxxxudumpxxxx_ora_20176.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [2662], [1], [3367742663], [1], [3367742798], [4194313], [], []
 
Fri Dec 25 12:20:05 2015
Errors in file d:oracleproduct10.2.0adminxxxxudumpxxxx_ora_20176.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [2662], [1], [3367742663], [1], [3367742798], [4194313], [], []
 
Fri Dec 25 12:20:05 2015
Error 600 happened during db open, shutting down database
USER: terminating instance due to error 600
Fri Dec 25 12:20:05 2015
Errors in file d:oracleproduct10.2.0adminxxxxbdumpxxxx_p015_21472.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [15784], [600], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
 
Fri Dec 25 12:20:05 2015
Errors in file d:oracleproduct10.2.0adminxxxxbdumpxxxx_p014_9072.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [15784], [600], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
看到这里2个错误，很多人可能会很迷惑，到底数据库无法open是因为哪个错误导致的呢？ 这里稍微注意一下前后报错的顺序就知道了，很明显是前面的ora-00600 [2662]错误导致无法open resetlogs完成。
对于ora-00600 [2662]错误这里不再解释了，SCN的问题。这里直接推进scn即可。
将数据库启动到mount状态，执行如下命令：

SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=0;
 
Session altered.
 
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area 7516192768 bytes
Fixed Size                  2175728 bytes
Variable Size            1232850192 bytes
Database Buffers         6274678784 bytes
Redo Buffers                6488064 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter session set events 'IMMEDIATE trace name adjust_scn level 10';
 
Session altered.
 
SQL> alter database open;
 
Database altered.
很顺利就打开了数据库。由于之前朋友已经创建了新的undo表空间，我只需要帮忙把undo重建就完事了，结束支持任务。尝试进行drop tablespace undotbs1 including contents and datafiles时，遇到ora-01548错误。
在alter session set “_smu_debug_mode” = 4; 后都无法进行drop，那只能继续使用下隐含参数了：

_offline_rollback_segments
_corrupted_rollback_segments
通过这2个隐含参数，可以顺利将旧的undo 表空间drop掉，然后修改pfile文件去掉不需要的一些隐含参数，顺利打开数据库。
到这里结束我的半小时支持友情支持任务！悲剧的下午又开始优化某客户的SQL。。。。。
备注：
1) 对于这种异常强制打开的数据库，建议进行全库检查，包括是否有坏块等，甚至检查数据字典是否一致等等（实际上检查之前的alert log发现，    之前数据库在恢复过程中就报了不少的坏块)
2) 在这个年代，还有3TB的数据库，而且是windows，更悲剧的还是非归档，没有备份，这是不应该的。
3) 我们应该多考虑下系统的容灾建设，哪怕是有备份。