mysql 5.5数据库主从配置步骤详解

上次给大家介绍了mysql 5.1主从搭建配置教程,这次我们来实现mysql 5.5的主从复制,其实大体上配置是差不多的,只有点细微的差别.
系统:centos 5.x
需要的软件包:mysql-5.5.33.tar.gz
环境准备:
服务器a:192.168.10.151 (主)
服务器b:192.168.10.152 (从)

1.安装前准备
wget http://mysql.llarian.net/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.33.tar.gz
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ libtool-libs autoconf freetype-devel gd libjpeg-devel
libpng-devel libxml2-devel ncurses-devel zlib-devel zip unzip curl-devel wget crontabs
file bison cmake patch mlocate flex diffutils automake make kernel-devel cpp
readline-devel openssl-devel vim-minimal glibc-devel glib2-devel
bzip2-devel e2fsprogs-devel libidn-devel gettext-devel expat-devel
libcap-devel libtool-ltdl-devel pam-devel pcre-devel libmcrypt-devel

2.在服务器a上安装mysql
tar zxf mysql-5.5.33.tar.gz && cd mysql-5.5.33
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=complex -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1

make
make install

chmod +w /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
cd support-files/
cp my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp -f mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
mkdir /var/lib/mysql
/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
cat > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf< /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql
/usr/local/lib
EOF
ldconfig

如果你是在64位机器上的话,那你就执行下面这个命令:
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib64/mysql

如果你是在32位机器上的话,那就执行下面的命令:
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql

然后再执行:
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin /usr/bin
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump /usr/bin
service mysqld start
mysqladmin -u root password 'password'

当然如果大家觉得编译安装mysql很麻烦的话,那么可以去看看这篇文章安装mysql5.5二进制包.

服务器b安装mysql配置跟服务器a一样,这里就不说了.

3.配置主从
在服务器a上:
vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin=master-bin
log-bin-index=master-bin.index
server-id = 1
innodb_file_per_table = 1
binlog_format=mixed

授权复制用户:
mysql -u root -p
grant replication slave on *.* to 'dbmysql'@'%' identified by '123456';
flush privileges;

重启mysql
service mysqld restart

在服务器b上:
vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
relay-log = relay-log
relay-log-index = relay-log.index
server-id = 2
innodb_file_per_table = 1
binlog_format=mixed

然后重启mysql
service mysqld restart

服务器b连接连接主服务器并复制
先在服务器a上查看master的状态
mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000001 | 107 | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

然后在服务器b上进行连接
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.10.151',master_user='dbmysql',maste
r_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=107;

查看一下slave状态
mysql> show slave statusG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.10.151
Master_User: dbmysql
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_Space: 107
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

启动slave再查看
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave statusG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master
Master_Host: 192.168.10.151
Master_User: dbmysql
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Connecting
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_Space: 107
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 2003
Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master '[email protected]:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 86400
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

看到上面错误了没,说明mysql主和从服务器的防火墙没有开放3306端口,去服务器a和服务器b上把3306端口打开,再来查看mysql从的状态
mysql> show slave statusG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.10.151
Master_User: dbmysql
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000011
Relay_Log_Pos: 254
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_Space: 404
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

好了,可以看到Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running都是yes了,下面也没有error提示了.

4.验证
在mysql主上创建个数据库
mysql> create database emlog;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

再在mysql从上查看是否有这个数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| emlog |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.02 sec)

可以看到已经同步复制过来了,mysql主从搭建成功.